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August 2014; 1 (2) ArticleOpen Access

Immunodominant T-cell epitopes of MOG reside in its transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains in EAE

Aparna Shetty, Sheena G. Gupta, Michel Varrin-Doyer, Martin S. Weber, Thomas Prod'homme, Nicolas Molnarfi, Niannian Ji, Patricia A. Nelson, Juan C. Patarroyo, Ulf Schulze-Topphoff, Stephen E. Fogal, Thomas Forsthuber, Raymond A. Sobel, Claude C.A. Bernard, Anthony J. Slavin, Scott S. Zamvil
First published August 14, 2014, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/NXI.0000000000000022
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Article Information

vol. 1 no. 2 e22
DOI: 
https://doi.org/10.1212/NXI.0000000000000022
PubMed: 
25340074
Published By: 
Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology
Online ISSN: 
2332-7812
History: 
  • Received April 30, 2014
  • Accepted in final form June 26, 2014
  • First Published August 14, 2014.
Copyright & Usage: 
© 2014 American Academy of Neurology This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial No Derivative 3.0 License, which permits downloading and sharing the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially.

Author Disclosures

    1. Aparna Shetty, PhD*,
    2. Sheena G. Gupta, PhD*,
    3. Michel Varrin-Doyer, PhD,
    4. Martin S. Weber, MD,
    5. Thomas Prod'homme, PhD,
    6. Nicolas Molnarfi, PhD,
    7. Niannian Ji, PhD,
    8. Patricia A. Nelson, PhD,
    9. Juan C. Patarroyo, BS,
    10. Ulf Schulze-Topphoff, PhD,
    11. Stephen E. Fogal, BS,
    12. Thomas Forsthuber, MD, PhD,
    13. Raymond A. Sobel, MD,
    14. Claude C.A. Bernard, PhD,
    15. Anthony J. Slavin, PhD and
    16. Scott S. Zamvil, MD, PhD, FAAN
  1. Aparna Shetty, PhD*,
    2. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  2. Sheena G. Gupta, PhD*,
    3. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. Stanford University

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  3. Michel Varrin-Doyer, PhD,
    4. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. Travel grant (Teva Pharmaceuticals)

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. Postdoctoral fellowship NMSS

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  4. Martin S. Weber, MD,
    5. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  5. Thomas Prod'homme, PhD,
    6. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. (1) Momenta Pharmaceuticals employee, Senior Scientist, 2 years

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  6. Nicolas Molnarfi, PhD,
    7. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  7. Niannian Ji, PhD,
    8. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  8. Patricia A. Nelson, PhD,
    9. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. Dr. Zamvil has received honoraria for serving on Data Safety Monitoring Boards for MS trials conducted by BioMS, Teva Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Eli Lilly and Co.

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Dr. Zamvil has the following journal affiliations: (1) Journal of Clinical Investigation, Consulting Editor, 2007-present (2) Neurotherapeutics, Editorial Board, 2010-present (3) Journal of the Neurological Sciences, Associate Editor, 2011-present (4) Neurology: Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation, Section Editor, 2014-present

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. Dr. Zamvil has received honoria for speaking engagements for Biogen-Idec, Teva-Neuroscience, and EMD-Serono.

    Consultancies:

    1. Dr. Zamvil has served as a consultant to Biogen Idec, Teva Neuroscience, EMD-Serono, Genzyme and Novartis.

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. Dr. Zamvil has served on the following: (1) Advanced Health Media, 2009-2014 (2) Biogen Idec, 2009-2014

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. Dr. Zamvil's lab has received support from Boehringer Ingelheim.

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. Dr. Zamvil's lab has received support from NIH RO1 AI073737 and RO1 NS 063008.

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. Dr. Zamvil's lab has received support from NMSS RG 4768A9/1.

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. Dr. Zamvil's lab has received support from the Guthy Jackson Charitable Foundation and the Alexander M. and June L. Maisin Foundation.

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  9. Juan C. Patarroyo, BS,
    10. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  10. Ulf Schulze-Topphoff, PhD,
    11. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. Employee of Silence Therapeutics GmbH, Senior Scientist

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  11. Stephen E. Fogal, BS,
    12. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 1991-Current

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. Boehringer Ingelheim (employer)

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  12. Thomas Forsthuber, MD, PhD,
    13. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Expert Review Clinical Immunology, USA Senior Editor Journal of Immunology, Associate Editor PLos One, Editor Frontiers Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Editorial board Immunotherapy, Editorial board

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NIH, G12MD007591, PI, 4 years NIH, R21AI110771, PI 4 months NIH, R21NS084201, PI, 2 months

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. National MS Society, RG5011, 2 months National MS Society, RG3701, 4 years

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  13. Raymond A. Sobel, MD,
    14. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology, Editor-in-Chief, 2007-present, Journal of Neuroimmunology, Associate Editor, 2000-present

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NIH R01 NS 030843. (PI: V. Kuchroo, subcontract to Dr. Sobel as Co-Investigator (2002-2014) NIH/NIAID R01 AI073737 (PI: S. Zamvil, Subcontract to Dr. Sobel as Co-Investigator) 6/1/09 � 6/31/14. DOD/CDRMP W81XWH-11-1-0512. PI: B. Zabel. Dr. Sobel is Co-Investigator 9/1/11-8/31/14

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. National Multiple Sclerosis Society (PI: Zamvil)

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  14. Claude C.A. Bernard, PhD,
    15. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. (1) Future Neurology, Future Science Group. Editorial Board Member.Current (2) Inflammation and Regeneration. Guest Editor. 2014

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NHMRC of Australia; APP1048899;PI, 2013-2015 NHMRC of Australia; APP1069979; PI, 2014-1016 NHMRC of Australia/CIRM; APP1053621, PI, 2012-2015 Victorian Goverment/CIRM; RMI-01739, PI, 2012-2015

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. Eva and Les Erdi AUSiMED Fellowship in Neurological Diseases.

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  15. Anthony J. Slavin, PhD and
    16. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. Anthony Slavin is currently an employee of Abbvie Bioresearch Center and was formerly an employee of Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. Anthony Slavin is currently an employee of Abbvie Bioresearch Center and was formerly an employee of Boehringer INgelheim Pharmaceuticals

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  16. Scott S. Zamvil, MD, PhD, FAAN
    17. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. Dr. Zamvil has received honoraria for serving on Data Safety Monitoring Boards for MS trials conducted by BioMS, Teva Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Eli Lilly and Co.

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. (1) Neurology, Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation, Associate Editor, 2011-present (2) Journal the Neurological Sciences, Associate Editor, 2011-present

    Patents:

    1. “Aquaporin-4 peptides and methods for using same” (SF2010-074; USF-461PRV (pending). The application describes the discovery of aquaporin-4 T cell determinants in neuromyelitis optica patients and the use for antigen-specific tolerance.

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. SSZ has received honoraria for speaking engagements for Biogen-Idec, Teva-Neuroscience, and EMD-Serono.

    Consultancies:

    1. SSZ has served as a consultant to Biogen Idec, Teva Neuroscience, EMD-Serono, Genzyme and Novartis

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. Advanced Health Media, 2009-present Biogen Idec, 2009-present

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. Boehringer Ingelheim

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NIH RO1 AI073737, RO1 NS 063008

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NMSS RG 4768A9/1

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. Guthy Jackson Charitable Foundation, PI Alexander M. and June L. Maisin Foundation, PI

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  1. From the Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology (A.S., S.G.G., M.V.-D., T.P., N.M., P.A.N., J.C.P., U.S.-T., S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neuropathology and Department of Neurology (M.S.W.), University Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany; Department of Immunology (N.J., T.F.), University of Texas at San Antonio; Boehringer Ingelheim (S.E.F., A.J.S.), Ridgefield, CT; Department of Pathology (R.A.S.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA; and Multiple Sclerosis Research Group (C.C.A.B.), Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. S.G.G. is currently at the Institute for Immunity Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA. T.P. is currently at Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA. N.M. is currently at the Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Geneva University Hospital and the Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland. J.C.P. is currently at Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
  1. Correspondence to Dr. Zamvil: zamvil{at}ucsf.neuroimmunol.org
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