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July 2023; 10 (4) Research ArticleOpen Access

International Delphi Consensus on the Management of AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD

Recommendations for Eculizumab, Inebilizumab, and Satralizumab

Friedemann Paul, Romain Marignier, Jacqueline Palace, Georgina Arrambide, Nasrin Asgari, Jeffrey L. Bennett, Bruce Anthony Campbell Cree, Jérôme De Sèze, Kazuo Fujihara, Ho Jin Kim, Rebecca Hornby, Saif Huda, Najib Kissani, Ingo Kleiter, Satoshi Kuwabara, Marco Lana-Peixoto, Lisa Law, M. Isabel Leite, Lekha Pandit, Sean J. Pittock, Chao Quan, Sudarshini Ramanathan, Dalia Rotstein, Albert Saiz, Douglas Kazutoshi Sato, Adi Vaknin-Dembinsky
First published May 31, 2023, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/NXI.0000000000200124
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Article Information

vol. 10 no. 4 e200124
DOI: 
https://doi.org/10.1212/NXI.0000000000200124
PubMed: 
37258412
Published By: 
Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology
Online ISSN: 
2332-7812
History: 
  • Received August 17, 2022
  • Accepted in final form March 27, 2023
  • First Published May 31, 2023.
Copyright & Usage: 
Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND), which permits downloading and sharing the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.

Author Disclosures

    1. Friedemann Paul, MD,
    2. Romain Marignier, PhD,
    3. Jacqueline Palace, MD, PhD,
    4. Georgina Arrambide, MD, PhD,
    5. Nasrin Asgari, MD, PhD, DMSc,
    6. Jeffrey L. Bennett, MD, PhD,
    7. Bruce Anthony Campbell Cree, MD, PhD, MAS,
    8. Jérôme De Sèze, MD, PhD,
    9. Kazuo Fujihara, MD,
    10. Ho Jin Kim, MD, PhD,
    11. Rebecca Hornby, PhD,
    12. Saif Huda, MD, DPhil,
    13. Najib Kissani, MD,
    14. Ingo Kleiter, MD,
    15. Satoshi Kuwabara, MD, PhD,
    16. Marco Lana-Peixoto, MD, PhD,
    17. Lisa Law, MSc,
    18. M. Isabel Leite, MD, DPhil,
    19. Lekha Pandit, MD, PhD,
    20. Sean J. Pittock, MD,
    21. Chao Quan, MD, PhD,
    22. Sudarshini Ramanathan, FRACP, PhD,
    23. Dalia Rotstein, MD, MPH,
    24. Albert Saiz, MD, PhD,
    25. Douglas Kazutoshi Sato, MD, PhD and
    26. Adi Vaknin-Dembinsky, MD
  1. Friedemann Paul, MD,
    2. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. Novartis OCTIMS study steering committeeMedImmune / Viela Bio steering committee

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. br>speaker honoraria and travel grants from Bayer, Novartis, Biogen Idec, Teva, Sanofi-Aventis / Genzyme, and Merck Serono, Alexion, Chugai, MedImmune, Shire, Roche, Actelion, Celgene

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Academic Editor, PLoS ONEAssociate Editor, Neurology Neuroimmunology andNeuroinflammation

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. consultancies for SanofiGenzyme, BiogenIdec, MedImmune, Shire, Alexion, Hoffmann-La Roche, Celegene, Horizon Therapeutics, Merck, Neurogenesis Ltd.

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. Research support from from Bayer, Novartis, Biogen Idec, Teva, Sanofi-Aventis / Genzyme, Alexion and Merck Serono

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. German Research Council (DFG Exc 257), Werth Stiftung of the City of Cologne, German Ministry ofEducation and Research (BMBF Competence Network MultipleSclerosis), Arthur Arnstein Stiftung Berlin, EU FP7Framework Program (combims.eu)

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. Arthur Arnstein Foundation Berlin, Guthy JacksonCharitable Foundation, National Multiple Sclerosis Societyof the USA

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  2. Romain Marignier, PhD,
    3. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. Dr Marignier is serving on a scientific advisory board ofAlexion, Horizon Therapeutics, Roche and UCB

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. Romain Marignier has received lecturing fees and travel grants from Biogen, Horizon Therapeutics, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi, Alexion, UCB

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. None

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  3. Jacqueline Palace, MD, PhD,
    4. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. 1) Merck Serono 2) Roche 3) ARGENX 4) Novartis 5) UCB 6) Alexion 7)Janssen8) Sanofi

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. All commercial (speakers/meetings honorarium last two years)1) Roche 2) Alexion 3) Chugai

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Lancet Neurology editorial advisorry committee member

    Patents:

    1. ISIS Innovation Ltd. To protect for the use ofmetabolomics as a method to diagnose and stage disease inmultiple sclerosis. Patent ref P37347WO and licence agreement Numares multimarker MS diagnostics

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. Amplo

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. Please see 3 (speaker/meetings)

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. All commercial (support for research)1) Amplo 2) UCB3) Alexion4)Medimmune

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. Grant for research:1) Multiple Sclerosis Society4) SPARKS Great Ormond Street

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. Astra Zenica shares

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. Patent ref P37347WO and licence agreement Numares multimarker MS diagnostics

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  4. Georgina Arrambide, MD, PhD,
    5. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. (1) Sanofi advisory board on BTK inhibitors.(2) Merck advisory board on evobrutinib.(3) Roche advisory board on satralizumab.(4) Horizon Therapeutics advisory board on inebilizumab.

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. (1) Speaking honoraria from Merck.(2) Travel support for scientific meetings from Novartis.(3) Travel support for scientific meetings from Roche.(4) Travel support for scientific meetings from ECTRIMS.

    Editorial Boards:

    1. (1) Multiple Sclerosis Journal - Experimental, Translational and Clinical editor for Europe(2) Acta Neurológica Colombiana (editorial advisory board member)

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. (1) Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ayudas de investigación en salud, FIS number PI19/01590, principal investigator, 2019-2022, extended to June 2024(2) Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ayudas de investigación en salud, FIS number PI22/01570, principal investigator, 2022-2025

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. None

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  5. Nasrin Asgari, MD, PhD, DMSc,
    6. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. None

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. None

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. The University of Southern Denmark, 2022

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. The University of Southern Denmark

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. None

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  6. Jeffrey L. Bennett, MD, PhD,
    7. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. (1) Alexion (2) Roche (3) IMCYSE SA (4) Genentech (5) Horizon Therapeutics (6) TG Therapeutics (7) EMD Serono

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. None

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Editorial Board, Journal of Neuro-ophthalmologyEditorial Board, Multiple Sclerosis JournalEditorial Board, Neurology: Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation

    Patents:

    1. (1) Compositions and Methods for the Treatment of Neuromyelitis Optica; novel blocking monoclonal therapy for neuromyelitis optica: US Patent: 10,654,916

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. (1) Reistone-Bio. (2) Horizon Therapeutics, (3) Chugai Pharma USA, (4) Mitsubishi Tanabe, (5) Alexion Pharmaceuticals, (6) Genentech, (7) Roche, (8) Antigenomycs, (9) EMD Serono, (10) Beigene

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. (1) Alexion Pharmaceuticals

    Other Activities:

    1. (1) Clene Nanomedicine, data safety monitoring board, (2) Roche, data safety monitoring board

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. (1) Alexion

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. (1) National Institutes of Health, R01NS115488, R01EY022936, R21EY032399, Principal investigator, 2020-2022

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. (1) Guthy Jackson Charitable Foundation

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. (1) Aquaporumab, rights for future royalty payments

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  7. Bruce Anthony Campbell Cree, MD, PhD, MAS,
    8. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. Data safety monitoring board: Immunic AG

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. None

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. Alexion, Atara, Autobahn, Avotres, Biogen, Boston Pharma, EMD Serono, Gossamer Bio, Hexal/Sandoz, Horizon, Neuron23, Novartis, Sanofi, Siemens, TG Therapeutics

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. Genentech

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. None

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  8. Jérôme De Sèze, MD, PhD,
    9. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. None

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. None

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Revue Neurologique

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. None

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  9. Kazuo Fujihara, MD,
    10. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. Serves on scientific advisory boards for Biogen, Mitsubishi-Tanabe, Novartis, Roche/Chugai, Alexion, VielaBio/Horizon Therapeutics, UCB, Abbvie and Japan Tobacco.

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. has received funding for travel or speaker honoraria from Roche/Chugai, Biogen, Novartis, Alexion, Teijin, Mitsubishi-Tanabe, AsahiKasei Medical, Merck, Eisai,and Takeda.

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Serve as an editorial board member of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology (2009-present), Frontiers in Neurology (2017-present), Neurology: Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation (2018-present), Multiple Sclerosis (2019-present), Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders (2020-present) and Neuroimmunology Reports (2021-present) and advisory board member of Sri Lanka journal of Neurology.

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. funded as the investigator by the Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Labor of Japan (2010–present).

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. None

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  10. Ho Jin Kim, MD, PhD,
    11. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. Roche, Sanofi Genzyme and Horizon Therapeutics (formerly Viela Bio)

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. Received travel expenses and/or honoraria for lectures or educational activities from Alexion, Biogen, Celltrion, Eisai, GC Pharma, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Merck Serono, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi Genzyme, and Teva-Handok

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Multiple Sclerosis Journal, Coeditor, 2019Journal of Clinical Neurology, Associate Editor, 2016

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. Aprilbio, Daewoong, HanAll BioPharma, MDimune, Merck Serono, Roche, Sanofi Genzyme, and UCB

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. National Research Foundation of Korea, 2018R1A5A2023127, , Co-Principal Investigator, 2018

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. None

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  11. Rebecca Hornby, PhD,
    12. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. None

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. None

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. Rebecca Hornby is an employee of Oxford PharmaGenesis Ltd which has received funding from F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd for medical writing support.

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. None

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  12. Saif Huda, MD, DPhil,
    13. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. None

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. None

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. (1) AlphaSights (2) Atheneum

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. None

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  13. Najib Kissani, MD,
    14. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. None

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. None

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. None

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  14. Ingo Kleiter, MD,
    15. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. None

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. Alexion, Biogen, Celgene, Horizon, Merck, Roche

    Editorial Boards:

    1. BMC Neurology, associate editor, since 2018Neuroimmunology Reports, editorial board member, since 2020Frontiers in Neurology, associate editor, since 2022Frontiers in Immunology, associate editor, since 2022

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. Alexion, Almirall, Bayer, Biogen, Hexal, Horizon, Merck, Neuraxpharm, Roche, Sanofi

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. None

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  15. Satoshi Kuwabara, MD, PhD,
    16. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. (1) non-profit entity: Deputy Editor, Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry.(2) non-profit entity: Editorial Board member, Journal of the Neurological Sciences.

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. None

    Editorial Boards:

    1. (1)Associate Editor, Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, since 2010 to present.(2)Editorial board member, Journal of the Neurological Sciences, since 2013 to present.

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. (1) The the Health and Labour SciencesResearch Grant on Intractable Diseases (Neuroimmunological Diseases) from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan (20FC1030).

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. None

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  16. Marco Lana-Peixoto, MD, PhD,
    17. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. None

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. Funding for travel from Novartis Funding for travel from Biogen

    Editorial Boards:

    1. (1)Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria - Member of the Advisory Editorial Board(2) Frontiers in Medicine - Member of the Editorial Board

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. Support for paper publication from Roche

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. None

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  17. Lisa Law, MSc,
    18. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. None

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. None

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. Lisa Law is an employee of Oxford PharmaGenesis, which has received funding from F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd for medical writing support

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. None

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  18. M. Isabel Leite, MD, DPhil,
    19. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. None

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. Dr. Maria Isabel Leite is supported by NHS National Specialised Commissioning Group for Neuromyelitis Optica, UK, and by NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, and has received travel grant and speaking honoraria from Biogen Idec and travel grant from Novartis.

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Neuromuscular Disorders, editorial board member, from January 2014

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. None

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  19. Lekha Pandit, MD, PhD,
    20. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. None

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. None

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. None

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  20. Sean J. Pittock, MD,
    21. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. Alexion Pharmaceutical Advisory Board - Compensation to Mayo Clinic Medimmune/Viele Bio Advisory Board - Compensation to Mayo ClinicUCB pharmaceuticals - Personal compensationHoffman/LaRoche - Personal compensationRoche/Genentech - Personal compensation

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. None

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. Dr. Pittock has a patent Patent# 8,889,102 (Application#12-678350) - Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantibodies as a Marker for Neoplasia issued, and a patent Patent# 9,891,219B2 (Application#12-573942) - Methods for Treating Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) by Administration of Eculizumab to an individual that is Aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-IgG Autoantibody positive issued. Dr Pittock has received royalies relating to this patent. Dr Pittock has a patent pending for GFAP, Septin-5, Kelch11, LUZP4, Cav4 and MAP1B autoantibodies as biomarkers of neurological autoimmunity.

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. Dr. Pittock has provided consultation to Alexion Pharmaceuticals and Medimmune/Viela Bio but has received no personal fees or personal compensation for these consulting activities. All compensation for consulting activities is paid directly to Mayo Clinic.Dr. Pittock provided consultation to Astellas- Compensation to Mayo and personal compensation. Dr. Pittock received personal compensation for consultation services to UCB, Genentech, Arialys Therapeutics, Sage Therapeutics, and Prime Therapeutics.

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. No activity to report. I am a salaried employee of Mayo Clinic and salary is fixed specialty dependent and not impacted by test volume or laboratory income.

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. Dr Pittock has received research funding from Grifols, Medimmune/Viela Bio, Alexion, the National Institute of Health (NIH), NovelMed, and Genentech/F. Hoffman-LaRoche. All compensation is paid directly to Mayo Clinic.

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. None

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  21. Chao Quan, MD, PhD,
    22. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. None

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. None

    Editorial Boards:

    1. (1) Neuroimmunology Reports, editorial board member,2 years

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.82171341, principal investigator,2022-2025

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. None

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  22. Sudarshini Ramanathan, FRACP, PhD,
    23. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. Dr Ramanathan has served as a consultant on an advisory board for UCB.

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. Speaker honoraria from Biogen and Limbic Neurology.

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Editorial board member Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation (2022 onwards), and Frontiers in Immunology and Frontiers in Neurology (2021 onwards).

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. Dr Ramanathan is the recipient of an National Health and Medical Research Council Investigator Grant, and has received research funding support from the University of Sydney in the form of research grants.

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. Dr Ramanathan has received research funding from the Brain Foundation (Australia), the Petre Foundation (Australia), and the Royal Australasian College of Physicians.

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  23. Dalia Rotstein, MD, MPH,
    24. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. (1) Biogen(2) Sanofi Aventis(3) EMD Serono(4) Alexion(5) Roche(6) Novartis

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. (1) Sanofi Aventis(2) Roche(3) Novartis(4) EMD Serono(5) Alexion (6) Biogen

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Frontiers in Neurology, Associate Editor, 2019-2022

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. (1) Sanofi Aventis(2) Roche(3) Alexion(4) Biogen(5) EMD Serono(6) Novartis

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. (1) Alexion(2) Biogen(3) EMD Serono(4) Novartis(5) Roche(6) Sanofi Aventis

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. I have received research support from Roche.

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. University of Toronto Division of Neurology

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. I have received research support from the National MS Society, MS Canada, and the Consortium for Multiple Sclerosis Centers (CMSC).

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  24. Albert Saiz, MD, PhD,
    25. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. None

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. compensation for consulting services and speaker honoraria from Merck-Serono, Biogen-Idec, Sanofi, Novartis, Roche, Alexion, Janssen, and Horizon Therapeutics

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Editorial advisory board member: Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. None

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  25. Douglas Kazutoshi Sato, MD, PhD and
    26. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. (1) Alexion - advisory board; (2) Horizon - advisory board; (3) - Roche - advisoryboard

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. (1) Speaker honoraria from Horizon, (2) Speaker honoraria from Merck, (3) Speaker honoraria from Roche

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Associate editor of Arquivos de Neuropsiquiatria (2013-2018 and 2022-current), no compensation

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. (1) TEVA, (2) Merck, (3) Biogen

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. CAPES/Brazil (PROEX program 001), CNPq/Brazil (425331/2016-4 and 308636/2019-8), FAPERGS/Brazil (17/2551-0001391-3 and 21/2551-0000077-5),

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. None

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  26. Adi Vaknin-Dembinsky, MD
    27. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. Served on scientific advisory boards for F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Biogen, Merck-serono and Sanofi-Aventis; Astra Zenica and Novartis

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. speaker honoraria for , Biogen, Merck-serono.

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. received grants from F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Biogen and Merck-Serono.

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. None

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  1. From the Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.P.), Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Hospices Civils de Lyon (R.M.), Service de Neurologie, Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de la Myéline et Neuro Inflammation, and Centre de Référence des Maladies Inflammatoires Rares du Cerveau et de la Moelle (MIRCEM), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Bron; Centre des Neurosciences de Lyon—FORGETTING Team (R.M.), INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR5292; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (R.M.), France; John Radcliff Hospital (J.P.); Clinical Neurology Oxford University (J.P.), Oxford, United Kingdom; Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia (G.A.), Centre d’Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat); Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (G.A.), Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (G.A.), Spain; Departments of Regional Health Research and Molecular Medicine (N.A.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology (N.A.), Slagelse Hospital, Denmark; Programs in Neuroscience and Immunology (J.L.B.), Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora; Department of Neurology (B.A.C.C.), UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco; Department of Neurology (J.D.S.), Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg; INSERM U1119 Biopathologie de la Myéline (J.D.S.), Neuroprotection et Stratégies Thérapeutique; Clinical Investigation Center (J.D.S.), Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, France; Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics (K.F.), Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, and Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica Center, Southern TOHOKU Research Institute for Neuroscience, Koriyama, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.J.K.), Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea; Oxford PharmaGenesis Ltd (R.H., L.L.); Department of Neurology (S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Medical Research Center (N.K.), Marrakesh Medical School, Cadi Ayyad University; Neurology Department (N.K.), University Teaching Hospital Mohammed VI, Marrakesh, Morocco; Department of Neurology (I.K.), St Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum; Marianne-Strauß-Klinik (I.K.), Behandlungszentrum Kempfenhausen für Multiple Sklerose Kranke, Berg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.K.), Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan; CIEM MS Research Center (M.L.-P.), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; John Radcliffe Hospital (M.I.L.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; KS Hegde Medical Academy Director (L.P.), Center for Advanced Neurological Research, Nitte University, Mangalore, India; Neurology (S.J.P.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology and Rare Disease Center (C.Q.), National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China; Translational Neuroimmunology Group (S.R.), Kids Neuroscience Centre, and Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Department of Neurology (S.R.), Concord Hospital, Australia; Division of Neurology (D.R.), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (A.S.), Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), and Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; School of Medicine (D.K.S.), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; and Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and The Agnes-Ginges Center for Neurogenetics (A.V.-D.), Hadassah-Medical Center, Ein–Kerem, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
  1. Correspondence
    Dr. Paul friedemann.paul{at}charite.de

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