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August 2015; 2 (4) Views & ReviewsOpen Access

Acute optic neuritis

Unmet clinical needs and model for new therapies

Steven L. Galetta, Pablo Villoslada, Netta Levin, Kenneth Shindler, Hiroshi Ishikawa, Edward Parr, Diego Cadavid, Laura J. Balcer
First published July 23, 2015, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/NXI.0000000000000135
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Article Information

vol. 2 no. 4 e135
DOI: 
https://doi.org/10.1212/NXI.0000000000000135
PubMed: 
26236761
Published By: 
Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology
Online ISSN: 
2332-7812
History: 
  • Received February 12, 2015
  • Accepted in final form May 13, 2015
  • First Published July 23, 2015.
Copyright & Usage: 
© 2015 American Academy of Neurology This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND), which permits downloading and sharing the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially.

Author Disclosures

    1. Steven L. Galetta, MD,
    2. Pablo Villoslada, MD,
    3. Netta Levin, MD, PhD,
    4. Kenneth Shindler, MD, PhD,
    5. Hiroshi Ishikawa, MD,
    6. Edward Parr, PhD,
    7. Diego Cadavid, MD and
    8. Laura J. Balcer, MD, MSCE
  1. Steven L. Galetta, MD,
    2. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. Biogen and Genzyme

    Editorial Boards:

    1. (1) Neurology, Editorial Board; (2) Journal of Neuro-ophthalmology, Editorial Board

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. Genzyme Biogen

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  2. Pablo Villoslada, MD,
    3. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. Roche, Novartis, Neurotec Farma, Bionure Farma; Consultant: Novartis, Roche, TFS, Heidelberg Engineering, MedImmune, Digna Biotec, Neurotec Pharma

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. Novartis

    Editorial Boards:

    1. PloSONE Academic editor since 2011, Neurology & Therapy, Curr There Op Neurol

    Patents:

    1. 1. Methyltioadenosine for the treatment of MS 2. Agonistic neurotrophic compounds for the treatment of brain diseases 3. Gene signature pattern as a biomarker for MS

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. unrestricted grants from, Novartis Roche

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Commission,

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. Fundacion Maraton TV3

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. Bionure Pharma

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  3. Netta Levin, MD, PhD,
    4. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  4. Kenneth Shindler, MD, PhD,
    5. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. 1) Medical College of Wisconsin, Speaker Honorarium 2) Temple University, Speaker Honorarium

    Editorial Boards:

    1. 1) Frontiers in Neuro-Ophthalmology, Associate Editor, 2011 - present

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. 1) Tolosa Hunt Syndrome, UpToDate, Authorship Honorarium 2004 - 2015 2) Neuro-Ophthalmology, Oakstone Publishing, Authorship Honararium 2014

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. Consultation in the form of medical record review and independent medical examinations of medical-legal cases for various law firms and insurance companies. Several cases each year.

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. 1) Stemnion, Inc.

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. 1) NIH, EY019014, PI 2010-present

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. 1) RPB 2) ITMAT 3) F.M. Kirby Foundation

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. Consultation in the form of medical record review and independent medical examinations of medical-legal cases for various law firms and insurance companies. Several cases each year.

  5. Hiroshi Ishikawa, MD,
    6. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NIH R01-EY013178, P30 EY008098, Co-investigator

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  6. Edward Parr, PhD,
    7. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. (1) Excel Scientific Solutions*, medical writer, 10 years (*contracted by Biogen Idec to provide writing support for this manuscript)

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  7. Diego Cadavid, MD and
    8. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. I'm a full time paid employee of Biogen, a biopharmaceutical company involved in research and development in the field related to the published article.

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. I'm listed as an inventor on pending patent applications related to the use of drugs that block LINGO-1 to treat demyelination in multiple sclerosis.

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. I'm a full time paid employee of Biogen and own stock and restricted stock units in Biogen.

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. I have been a full time paid employee of Biogen for over 7 years.

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. I own restricted stock units and stock as compensation for my full time employment at Biogen.

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. I own restricted stock units and stock as compensation for my full time employment at Biogen.

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  8. Laura J. Balcer, MD, MSCE
    9. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. Biogen, Genzyme

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. (1) Biogen, consulting; (2) Genzyme, consulting;

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. Biogen Idec, Novartis, Vaccinex, Questcor, Acorda

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  1. From the Departments of Neurology (S.L.G., L.J.B.), Ophthalmology (S.L.G., L.J.B.), and Population Health (L.J.B.), New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY; Center of Neuroimmunology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (P.V.), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (P.V.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Neurology (N.L.), The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah Hebrew-University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Scheie Eye Institute and FM Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology (K.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; UPMC Eye Center (H.I.), Eye and Ear Institute, Ophthalmology and Visual Science Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Department of Bioengineering (H.I.), Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, PA; Excel Scientific Solutions (E.P.), Southport, CT; and Biogen (D.C.), Cambridge, MA.
  1. Correspondence to Dr. Balcer: laura.balcer{at}nyumc.org
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