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December 2016; 3 (6) ArticleOpen Access

Alemtuzumab treatment alters circulating innate immune cells in multiple sclerosis

Catharina C. Gross, Diana Ahmetspahic, Tobias Ruck, Andreas Schulte-Mecklenbeck, Kathrin Schwarte, Silke Jörgens, Stefanie Scheu, Susanne Windhagen, Bettina Graefe, Nico Melzer, Luisa Klotz, Volker Arolt, Heinz Wiendl, Sven G. Meuth, Judith Alferink
First published October 12, 2016, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/NXI.0000000000000289
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Article Information

vol. 3 no. 6 e289
DOI: 
https://doi.org/10.1212/NXI.0000000000000289
PubMed: 
27766281
Published By: 
Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology
Online ISSN: 
2332-7812
History: 
  • Received May 4, 2016
  • Accepted in final form August 12, 2016
  • First Published October 12, 2016.
Copyright & Usage: 
© 2016 American Academy of Neurology This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND), which permits downloading and sharing the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially.

Author Disclosures

    1. Catharina C. Gross, PhD*,
    2. Diana Ahmetspahic, MSc*,
    3. Tobias Ruck, MD*,
    4. Andreas Schulte-Mecklenbeck,
    5. Kathrin Schwarte,
    6. Silke Jörgens, PhD,
    7. Stefanie Scheu, PhD,
    8. Susanne Windhagen, MD,
    9. Bettina Graefe, MD,
    10. Nico Melzer, MD,
    11. Luisa Klotz, MD,
    12. Volker Arolt, MD,
    13. Heinz Wiendl, MD,
    14. Sven G. Meuth, MD, PhD‡ and
    15. Judith Alferink, MD‡
  1. Catharina C. Gross, PhD*,
    2. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. I received speaker honoraria and travel expenses for attending meetings from Genzyme, Novartis Pharma GmbH, and Bayer Health Care.

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Frontiers in Immunology, Review Editor, Since 2015

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. German Research Foundation (DFG), GR3946/2-1, 01/2013- 12/2015 German Research Foundation (DFG), SFB-CRC-TR 129,Project A09 07/2016-06/2020 BMBF grant Disease-Related Competence Network Multiple Sclerosis, Immune MS, KKNMS-030

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. Innovative Medical Science Grant (IMF-grant) of the medical faculty of the University of M?nster, KL111421, 07/2014-06/2016

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  2. Diana Ahmetspahic, MSc*,
    3. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  3. Tobias Ruck, MD*,
    4. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. TR has received travel expenses from Genzyme and Novartis and has received honoraria for lecturing from Genzyme, Biogen and Teva.

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. TR has received financial research support from Genzyme and Novartis

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  4. Andreas Schulte-Mecklenbeck,
    5. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  5. Kathrin Schwarte,
    6. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  6. Silke Jörgens, PhD,
    7. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  7. Stefanie Scheu, PhD,
    8. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. (1) Strategic Research Fund of the Heinrich-Heine-University of D?sseldorf (SFF-F2012/79-5-Scheu)

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. (1) German Research Foundation (DFG SCHE692/3-1; SCHE692/4-1) (2) J?rgen Manchot Foundation

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  8. Susanne Windhagen, MD,
    9. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. Honoraria for speaking engagements from Bayer Vital, Biogen, Merck-Serono, Novartis Pharma and TEVA-Pharma.

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  9. Bettina Graefe, MD,
    10. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  10. Nico Melzer, MD,
    11. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. 1. Biogen Idec, honoraria for lecturing and travel expenses for attending meetings 2. GlaxoSmith Kline, honoraria for lecturing and travel expenses for attending meetings 3. Teva, honoraria for lecturing and travel expenses for attending meetings 4. Fresenius Medical Care, honoraria for lecturing and travel expenses for attending meetings

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical procedures or imaging studies:

    1. 1. Immunoadsorption, (5%), 3 years

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. 1. Fresenius Medical Care 2. Diamed

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  11. Luisa Klotz, MD,
    12. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. (1) Genzyme

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. (1) Novartis, speaker honoraria and travel support (2) Merck Serono, speaker honoraria and travel support (3) CSL Behring, speaker honoraria and travel support

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. (1) Novartis (2) Biogen

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. (1) CRC TR128 ?Initiating/Effector versus Regulatory Mechanisms in Multiple Sclerosis ? Progress towards Tackling the Disease?, Project A8

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  12. Volker Arolt, MD,
    13. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. Advisory boards commercial: Astra-Zeneca, Eli Lilly, Janssen-Organon, Lundbeck, Otsuka, Servier, and Trommsdorff.

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. (1)DGPPN 2013,2014,2015; Lundbeck-Otsuka (2)Oberarzt Symposium Leipzig 2015; Servier

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Der Nervenarzt; Editor since 2014 sub-editor CME since 2004

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. (1) BMBF: PROTECT-AD,Nr 01EE1402A; PI since 2015 (2) EU FP7: Marie Curie, Nr 286334 PSYCH-AID; Partner since 2012

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. IZKF Medical Faculty, University of M?enster

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  13. Heinz Wiendl, MD,
    14. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. (1) Bayer Healthcare (2) Biogen Idec (3) Sanofi- Genzyme (4) Merck Serono (5) Novartis (6) Roche (7) Teva

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. (1) Bayer Vital GmbH (2) Bayer Schering AG (3) Biogen (4) CSL Behring (5) EMD Serono (6) Fresenius Medical Care (7) Sanofi - Genzyme (8) Merck Serono (9) Omniamed (10) Novartis (11) Teva (12) GlaxoSmithKline (13) GW Pharmaceuticals

    Editorial Boards:

    1. (1) PLOS ONE, Editorial board member, since 2013 (2) Neurotherapeutics, since 2013

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. (1) Biogen Idec (2) Merck Serono (3) Novartis (4) Omniamed (5) Roche (6) Sanofi-Genzyme

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. (1) Bayer Healthcare (2) Bayer Vital (3) Biogen Idec (4) Merck Serono (5) Novartis (6) Sanofi ? Genzyme (7) Sanofi US (8) TEVA Pharma

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. (1) German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF), 01GI1601E, principal investigator, 2016-2019 (2) European Union (EU), BD604219, principal investigator, 2013-2016 (3)Interdisciplinary Centre of Clinical Research (IZKF) Muenster, principal investigator, 2015-2018 (4)PML Consortium, principal investigator, 2016-2018 (5) German Research Foundation, principal investigator,SFB 1009 TP A3 + SFB-TR CRC128 TP A09 + SFB TR CRC128 TP A10, TR CRC128 TP V, TR CRC128 TP Z02 2016- 2020

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. (1) Else Kr?ner Fresenius Foundation (2) Fresenius Foundation (3) Hertie Foundation (4) RE Children?s Foundation

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  14. Sven G. Meuth, MD, PhD‡ and
    15. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. (1) Almirall (2) Bayer Health Care (3) Biogen (4) Genzyme (5) Merck Serono (6) Novartis (7) Novo Nordisk (8) Roche (9) Sanofi-Aventis (10) Teva

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. Sven G. Meuth (SGM) has received honoraria for lecturing and travel expenses from following commercial entities with no company exceeding 10,000 ?: (1)Almirall (2)Bayer Health Care (3)Biogen (4)Genzyme (5)Merck Serono (6)Novartis (7)Roche (8)TEVA

    Editorial Boards:

    1. PLoS One

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. (1)Biogen (2)Genzyme (3)Merck Serono (4)Novartis (5)Roche (5)TEVA

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. (1)Bayer Health Care (2)Biogen (3)Genzyme (4)Merck Serono (5)Novartis (6)TEVA

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  15. Judith Alferink, MD‡
    16. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. 1. Interdisciplinary Center of Clinical research (IZKF, grant Alf3/018/16), University of M?nster 2. Innovative Medizinische Forschung (IMF,grant I-DL121204), University of M?nster 3. Innovative Medizinische Forschung (IMF,grant I-ST111423), University of M?nster

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. DFG EXC 1003,Cells in Motion?Cluster of Excellence, M?nster, Germany (Grant FF-2014-0) Alzheimer Forschung Initiative e.V. (AFI project #148365)

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  1. From the Department of Neurology (C.C.G., T.R., A.S.-M., N.M., L.K., H.W., S.G.M.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Psychiatry (D.A., K.S., S.J., V.A., J.A.) and Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003, Cells in Motion (D.A., K.S., H.W., S.G.M.), University of Münster; Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene (S.S.), University of Düsseldorf; and Department of Neurology (S.W., B.G.), Clinics Osnabrück, Germany.
  1. Correspondence to Dr. Alferink: Judith.Alferink{at}ukmuenster.de or Dr. Gross: Catharina.Gross{at}ukmuenster.de
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