January 2019; 6 (1) ArticleOpen Access
Management and prognostic markers in patients with autoimmune encephalitis requiring ICU treatment
Julia Schubert, Dirk Brämer, Hagen B. Huttner, Stefan T. Gerner, Hannah Fuhrer, Nico Melzer, Andre Dik, Harald Prüss, Lam-Than Ly, Kornelius Fuchs, Frank Leypoldt, Gunnar Nissen, Ingo Schirotzek, Christian Dohmen, Julian Bösel, Jan Lewerenz, Franziska Thaler, Andrea Kraft, Aleksandra Juranek, Marius Ringelstein, Kurt-Wolfram Sühs, Christian Urbanek, André Scherag, Christian Geis, Otto W. Witte, Albrecht Günther, for the GENERATE and IGNITE network
First published October 30, 2018, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/NXI.0000000000000514
Julia Schubert
From the Hans-Berger-Department of Neurology (J.S., D.B., C.G., O.W.W., A.G.), Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.B.H., S.T.G.), University Hospital Erlangen; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology (H.F), University Hospital Freiburg; Department of Neurology (N.M., A.D.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Neurology (H.P., L.-T.L), Charité University Medicine Berlin; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Bezirksklinikum Regensburg; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L., G.N.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Department of Neurology (I.S.), University Hospital Giessen; Center for Neurology and Psychiatrics (C.D.), University Hospital Köln; Department of Neurology (J.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Klinikum Kassel; Department of Neurology (J.L.), University Hospital Ulm; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.T.), Ludwig-Maximillians-University München; Department of Neurology (A.K.), Martha Maria Hospital Halle; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Dortmund Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), University Hospital Hannover; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Hospital Ludwigshafen; Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences (A.S), Jena University Hospital; and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (A.S., C.G.), Jena University Hospital, Germany.
Dirk Brämer
From the Hans-Berger-Department of Neurology (J.S., D.B., C.G., O.W.W., A.G.), Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.B.H., S.T.G.), University Hospital Erlangen; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology (H.F), University Hospital Freiburg; Department of Neurology (N.M., A.D.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Neurology (H.P., L.-T.L), Charité University Medicine Berlin; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Bezirksklinikum Regensburg; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L., G.N.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Department of Neurology (I.S.), University Hospital Giessen; Center for Neurology and Psychiatrics (C.D.), University Hospital Köln; Department of Neurology (J.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Klinikum Kassel; Department of Neurology (J.L.), University Hospital Ulm; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.T.), Ludwig-Maximillians-University München; Department of Neurology (A.K.), Martha Maria Hospital Halle; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Dortmund Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), University Hospital Hannover; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Hospital Ludwigshafen; Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences (A.S), Jena University Hospital; and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (A.S., C.G.), Jena University Hospital, Germany.
Hagen B. Huttner
From the Hans-Berger-Department of Neurology (J.S., D.B., C.G., O.W.W., A.G.), Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.B.H., S.T.G.), University Hospital Erlangen; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology (H.F), University Hospital Freiburg; Department of Neurology (N.M., A.D.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Neurology (H.P., L.-T.L), Charité University Medicine Berlin; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Bezirksklinikum Regensburg; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L., G.N.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Department of Neurology (I.S.), University Hospital Giessen; Center for Neurology and Psychiatrics (C.D.), University Hospital Köln; Department of Neurology (J.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Klinikum Kassel; Department of Neurology (J.L.), University Hospital Ulm; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.T.), Ludwig-Maximillians-University München; Department of Neurology (A.K.), Martha Maria Hospital Halle; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Dortmund Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), University Hospital Hannover; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Hospital Ludwigshafen; Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences (A.S), Jena University Hospital; and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (A.S., C.G.), Jena University Hospital, Germany.
Stefan T. Gerner
From the Hans-Berger-Department of Neurology (J.S., D.B., C.G., O.W.W., A.G.), Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.B.H., S.T.G.), University Hospital Erlangen; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology (H.F), University Hospital Freiburg; Department of Neurology (N.M., A.D.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Neurology (H.P., L.-T.L), Charité University Medicine Berlin; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Bezirksklinikum Regensburg; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L., G.N.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Department of Neurology (I.S.), University Hospital Giessen; Center for Neurology and Psychiatrics (C.D.), University Hospital Köln; Department of Neurology (J.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Klinikum Kassel; Department of Neurology (J.L.), University Hospital Ulm; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.T.), Ludwig-Maximillians-University München; Department of Neurology (A.K.), Martha Maria Hospital Halle; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Dortmund Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), University Hospital Hannover; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Hospital Ludwigshafen; Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences (A.S), Jena University Hospital; and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (A.S., C.G.), Jena University Hospital, Germany.
Hannah Fuhrer
From the Hans-Berger-Department of Neurology (J.S., D.B., C.G., O.W.W., A.G.), Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.B.H., S.T.G.), University Hospital Erlangen; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology (H.F), University Hospital Freiburg; Department of Neurology (N.M., A.D.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Neurology (H.P., L.-T.L), Charité University Medicine Berlin; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Bezirksklinikum Regensburg; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L., G.N.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Department of Neurology (I.S.), University Hospital Giessen; Center for Neurology and Psychiatrics (C.D.), University Hospital Köln; Department of Neurology (J.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Klinikum Kassel; Department of Neurology (J.L.), University Hospital Ulm; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.T.), Ludwig-Maximillians-University München; Department of Neurology (A.K.), Martha Maria Hospital Halle; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Dortmund Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), University Hospital Hannover; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Hospital Ludwigshafen; Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences (A.S), Jena University Hospital; and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (A.S., C.G.), Jena University Hospital, Germany.
Nico Melzer
From the Hans-Berger-Department of Neurology (J.S., D.B., C.G., O.W.W., A.G.), Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.B.H., S.T.G.), University Hospital Erlangen; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology (H.F), University Hospital Freiburg; Department of Neurology (N.M., A.D.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Neurology (H.P., L.-T.L), Charité University Medicine Berlin; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Bezirksklinikum Regensburg; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L., G.N.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Department of Neurology (I.S.), University Hospital Giessen; Center for Neurology and Psychiatrics (C.D.), University Hospital Köln; Department of Neurology (J.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Klinikum Kassel; Department of Neurology (J.L.), University Hospital Ulm; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.T.), Ludwig-Maximillians-University München; Department of Neurology (A.K.), Martha Maria Hospital Halle; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Dortmund Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), University Hospital Hannover; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Hospital Ludwigshafen; Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences (A.S), Jena University Hospital; and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (A.S., C.G.), Jena University Hospital, Germany.
Andre Dik
From the Hans-Berger-Department of Neurology (J.S., D.B., C.G., O.W.W., A.G.), Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.B.H., S.T.G.), University Hospital Erlangen; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology (H.F), University Hospital Freiburg; Department of Neurology (N.M., A.D.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Neurology (H.P., L.-T.L), Charité University Medicine Berlin; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Bezirksklinikum Regensburg; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L., G.N.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Department of Neurology (I.S.), University Hospital Giessen; Center for Neurology and Psychiatrics (C.D.), University Hospital Köln; Department of Neurology (J.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Klinikum Kassel; Department of Neurology (J.L.), University Hospital Ulm; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.T.), Ludwig-Maximillians-University München; Department of Neurology (A.K.), Martha Maria Hospital Halle; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Dortmund Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), University Hospital Hannover; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Hospital Ludwigshafen; Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences (A.S), Jena University Hospital; and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (A.S., C.G.), Jena University Hospital, Germany.
Harald Prüss
From the Hans-Berger-Department of Neurology (J.S., D.B., C.G., O.W.W., A.G.), Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.B.H., S.T.G.), University Hospital Erlangen; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology (H.F), University Hospital Freiburg; Department of Neurology (N.M., A.D.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Neurology (H.P., L.-T.L), Charité University Medicine Berlin; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Bezirksklinikum Regensburg; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L., G.N.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Department of Neurology (I.S.), University Hospital Giessen; Center for Neurology and Psychiatrics (C.D.), University Hospital Köln; Department of Neurology (J.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Klinikum Kassel; Department of Neurology (J.L.), University Hospital Ulm; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.T.), Ludwig-Maximillians-University München; Department of Neurology (A.K.), Martha Maria Hospital Halle; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Dortmund Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), University Hospital Hannover; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Hospital Ludwigshafen; Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences (A.S), Jena University Hospital; and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (A.S., C.G.), Jena University Hospital, Germany.
Lam-Than Ly
From the Hans-Berger-Department of Neurology (J.S., D.B., C.G., O.W.W., A.G.), Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.B.H., S.T.G.), University Hospital Erlangen; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology (H.F), University Hospital Freiburg; Department of Neurology (N.M., A.D.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Neurology (H.P., L.-T.L), Charité University Medicine Berlin; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Bezirksklinikum Regensburg; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L., G.N.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Department of Neurology (I.S.), University Hospital Giessen; Center for Neurology and Psychiatrics (C.D.), University Hospital Köln; Department of Neurology (J.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Klinikum Kassel; Department of Neurology (J.L.), University Hospital Ulm; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.T.), Ludwig-Maximillians-University München; Department of Neurology (A.K.), Martha Maria Hospital Halle; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Dortmund Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), University Hospital Hannover; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Hospital Ludwigshafen; Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences (A.S), Jena University Hospital; and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (A.S., C.G.), Jena University Hospital, Germany.
Kornelius Fuchs
From the Hans-Berger-Department of Neurology (J.S., D.B., C.G., O.W.W., A.G.), Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.B.H., S.T.G.), University Hospital Erlangen; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology (H.F), University Hospital Freiburg; Department of Neurology (N.M., A.D.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Neurology (H.P., L.-T.L), Charité University Medicine Berlin; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Bezirksklinikum Regensburg; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L., G.N.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Department of Neurology (I.S.), University Hospital Giessen; Center for Neurology and Psychiatrics (C.D.), University Hospital Köln; Department of Neurology (J.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Klinikum Kassel; Department of Neurology (J.L.), University Hospital Ulm; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.T.), Ludwig-Maximillians-University München; Department of Neurology (A.K.), Martha Maria Hospital Halle; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Dortmund Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), University Hospital Hannover; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Hospital Ludwigshafen; Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences (A.S), Jena University Hospital; and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (A.S., C.G.), Jena University Hospital, Germany.
Frank Leypoldt
From the Hans-Berger-Department of Neurology (J.S., D.B., C.G., O.W.W., A.G.), Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.B.H., S.T.G.), University Hospital Erlangen; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology (H.F), University Hospital Freiburg; Department of Neurology (N.M., A.D.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Neurology (H.P., L.-T.L), Charité University Medicine Berlin; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Bezirksklinikum Regensburg; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L., G.N.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Department of Neurology (I.S.), University Hospital Giessen; Center for Neurology and Psychiatrics (C.D.), University Hospital Köln; Department of Neurology (J.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Klinikum Kassel; Department of Neurology (J.L.), University Hospital Ulm; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.T.), Ludwig-Maximillians-University München; Department of Neurology (A.K.), Martha Maria Hospital Halle; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Dortmund Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), University Hospital Hannover; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Hospital Ludwigshafen; Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences (A.S), Jena University Hospital; and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (A.S., C.G.), Jena University Hospital, Germany.
Gunnar Nissen
From the Hans-Berger-Department of Neurology (J.S., D.B., C.G., O.W.W., A.G.), Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.B.H., S.T.G.), University Hospital Erlangen; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology (H.F), University Hospital Freiburg; Department of Neurology (N.M., A.D.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Neurology (H.P., L.-T.L), Charité University Medicine Berlin; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Bezirksklinikum Regensburg; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L., G.N.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Department of Neurology (I.S.), University Hospital Giessen; Center for Neurology and Psychiatrics (C.D.), University Hospital Köln; Department of Neurology (J.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Klinikum Kassel; Department of Neurology (J.L.), University Hospital Ulm; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.T.), Ludwig-Maximillians-University München; Department of Neurology (A.K.), Martha Maria Hospital Halle; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Dortmund Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), University Hospital Hannover; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Hospital Ludwigshafen; Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences (A.S), Jena University Hospital; and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (A.S., C.G.), Jena University Hospital, Germany.
Ingo Schirotzek
From the Hans-Berger-Department of Neurology (J.S., D.B., C.G., O.W.W., A.G.), Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.B.H., S.T.G.), University Hospital Erlangen; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology (H.F), University Hospital Freiburg; Department of Neurology (N.M., A.D.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Neurology (H.P., L.-T.L), Charité University Medicine Berlin; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Bezirksklinikum Regensburg; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L., G.N.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Department of Neurology (I.S.), University Hospital Giessen; Center for Neurology and Psychiatrics (C.D.), University Hospital Köln; Department of Neurology (J.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Klinikum Kassel; Department of Neurology (J.L.), University Hospital Ulm; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.T.), Ludwig-Maximillians-University München; Department of Neurology (A.K.), Martha Maria Hospital Halle; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Dortmund Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), University Hospital Hannover; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Hospital Ludwigshafen; Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences (A.S), Jena University Hospital; and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (A.S., C.G.), Jena University Hospital, Germany.
Christian Dohmen
From the Hans-Berger-Department of Neurology (J.S., D.B., C.G., O.W.W., A.G.), Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.B.H., S.T.G.), University Hospital Erlangen; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology (H.F), University Hospital Freiburg; Department of Neurology (N.M., A.D.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Neurology (H.P., L.-T.L), Charité University Medicine Berlin; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Bezirksklinikum Regensburg; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L., G.N.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Department of Neurology (I.S.), University Hospital Giessen; Center for Neurology and Psychiatrics (C.D.), University Hospital Köln; Department of Neurology (J.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Klinikum Kassel; Department of Neurology (J.L.), University Hospital Ulm; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.T.), Ludwig-Maximillians-University München; Department of Neurology (A.K.), Martha Maria Hospital Halle; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Dortmund Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), University Hospital Hannover; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Hospital Ludwigshafen; Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences (A.S), Jena University Hospital; and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (A.S., C.G.), Jena University Hospital, Germany.
Julian Bösel
From the Hans-Berger-Department of Neurology (J.S., D.B., C.G., O.W.W., A.G.), Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.B.H., S.T.G.), University Hospital Erlangen; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology (H.F), University Hospital Freiburg; Department of Neurology (N.M., A.D.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Neurology (H.P., L.-T.L), Charité University Medicine Berlin; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Bezirksklinikum Regensburg; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L., G.N.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Department of Neurology (I.S.), University Hospital Giessen; Center for Neurology and Psychiatrics (C.D.), University Hospital Köln; Department of Neurology (J.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Klinikum Kassel; Department of Neurology (J.L.), University Hospital Ulm; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.T.), Ludwig-Maximillians-University München; Department of Neurology (A.K.), Martha Maria Hospital Halle; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Dortmund Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), University Hospital Hannover; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Hospital Ludwigshafen; Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences (A.S), Jena University Hospital; and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (A.S., C.G.), Jena University Hospital, Germany.
Jan Lewerenz
From the Hans-Berger-Department of Neurology (J.S., D.B., C.G., O.W.W., A.G.), Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.B.H., S.T.G.), University Hospital Erlangen; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology (H.F), University Hospital Freiburg; Department of Neurology (N.M., A.D.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Neurology (H.P., L.-T.L), Charité University Medicine Berlin; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Bezirksklinikum Regensburg; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L., G.N.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Department of Neurology (I.S.), University Hospital Giessen; Center for Neurology and Psychiatrics (C.D.), University Hospital Köln; Department of Neurology (J.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Klinikum Kassel; Department of Neurology (J.L.), University Hospital Ulm; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.T.), Ludwig-Maximillians-University München; Department of Neurology (A.K.), Martha Maria Hospital Halle; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Dortmund Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), University Hospital Hannover; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Hospital Ludwigshafen; Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences (A.S), Jena University Hospital; and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (A.S., C.G.), Jena University Hospital, Germany.
Franziska Thaler
From the Hans-Berger-Department of Neurology (J.S., D.B., C.G., O.W.W., A.G.), Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.B.H., S.T.G.), University Hospital Erlangen; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology (H.F), University Hospital Freiburg; Department of Neurology (N.M., A.D.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Neurology (H.P., L.-T.L), Charité University Medicine Berlin; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Bezirksklinikum Regensburg; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L., G.N.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Department of Neurology (I.S.), University Hospital Giessen; Center for Neurology and Psychiatrics (C.D.), University Hospital Köln; Department of Neurology (J.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Klinikum Kassel; Department of Neurology (J.L.), University Hospital Ulm; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.T.), Ludwig-Maximillians-University München; Department of Neurology (A.K.), Martha Maria Hospital Halle; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Dortmund Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), University Hospital Hannover; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Hospital Ludwigshafen; Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences (A.S), Jena University Hospital; and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (A.S., C.G.), Jena University Hospital, Germany.
Andrea Kraft
From the Hans-Berger-Department of Neurology (J.S., D.B., C.G., O.W.W., A.G.), Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.B.H., S.T.G.), University Hospital Erlangen; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology (H.F), University Hospital Freiburg; Department of Neurology (N.M., A.D.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Neurology (H.P., L.-T.L), Charité University Medicine Berlin; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Bezirksklinikum Regensburg; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L., G.N.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Department of Neurology (I.S.), University Hospital Giessen; Center for Neurology and Psychiatrics (C.D.), University Hospital Köln; Department of Neurology (J.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Klinikum Kassel; Department of Neurology (J.L.), University Hospital Ulm; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.T.), Ludwig-Maximillians-University München; Department of Neurology (A.K.), Martha Maria Hospital Halle; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Dortmund Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), University Hospital Hannover; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Hospital Ludwigshafen; Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences (A.S), Jena University Hospital; and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (A.S., C.G.), Jena University Hospital, Germany.
Aleksandra Juranek
From the Hans-Berger-Department of Neurology (J.S., D.B., C.G., O.W.W., A.G.), Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.B.H., S.T.G.), University Hospital Erlangen; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology (H.F), University Hospital Freiburg; Department of Neurology (N.M., A.D.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Neurology (H.P., L.-T.L), Charité University Medicine Berlin; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Bezirksklinikum Regensburg; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L., G.N.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Department of Neurology (I.S.), University Hospital Giessen; Center for Neurology and Psychiatrics (C.D.), University Hospital Köln; Department of Neurology (J.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Klinikum Kassel; Department of Neurology (J.L.), University Hospital Ulm; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.T.), Ludwig-Maximillians-University München; Department of Neurology (A.K.), Martha Maria Hospital Halle; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Dortmund Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), University Hospital Hannover; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Hospital Ludwigshafen; Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences (A.S), Jena University Hospital; and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (A.S., C.G.), Jena University Hospital, Germany.
Marius Ringelstein
From the Hans-Berger-Department of Neurology (J.S., D.B., C.G., O.W.W., A.G.), Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.B.H., S.T.G.), University Hospital Erlangen; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology (H.F), University Hospital Freiburg; Department of Neurology (N.M., A.D.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Neurology (H.P., L.-T.L), Charité University Medicine Berlin; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Bezirksklinikum Regensburg; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L., G.N.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Department of Neurology (I.S.), University Hospital Giessen; Center for Neurology and Psychiatrics (C.D.), University Hospital Köln; Department of Neurology (J.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Klinikum Kassel; Department of Neurology (J.L.), University Hospital Ulm; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.T.), Ludwig-Maximillians-University München; Department of Neurology (A.K.), Martha Maria Hospital Halle; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Dortmund Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), University Hospital Hannover; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Hospital Ludwigshafen; Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences (A.S), Jena University Hospital; and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (A.S., C.G.), Jena University Hospital, Germany.
Kurt-Wolfram Sühs
From the Hans-Berger-Department of Neurology (J.S., D.B., C.G., O.W.W., A.G.), Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.B.H., S.T.G.), University Hospital Erlangen; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology (H.F), University Hospital Freiburg; Department of Neurology (N.M., A.D.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Neurology (H.P., L.-T.L), Charité University Medicine Berlin; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Bezirksklinikum Regensburg; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L., G.N.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Department of Neurology (I.S.), University Hospital Giessen; Center for Neurology and Psychiatrics (C.D.), University Hospital Köln; Department of Neurology (J.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Klinikum Kassel; Department of Neurology (J.L.), University Hospital Ulm; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.T.), Ludwig-Maximillians-University München; Department of Neurology (A.K.), Martha Maria Hospital Halle; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Dortmund Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), University Hospital Hannover; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Hospital Ludwigshafen; Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences (A.S), Jena University Hospital; and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (A.S., C.G.), Jena University Hospital, Germany.
Christian Urbanek
From the Hans-Berger-Department of Neurology (J.S., D.B., C.G., O.W.W., A.G.), Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.B.H., S.T.G.), University Hospital Erlangen; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology (H.F), University Hospital Freiburg; Department of Neurology (N.M., A.D.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Neurology (H.P., L.-T.L), Charité University Medicine Berlin; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Bezirksklinikum Regensburg; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L., G.N.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Department of Neurology (I.S.), University Hospital Giessen; Center for Neurology and Psychiatrics (C.D.), University Hospital Köln; Department of Neurology (J.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Klinikum Kassel; Department of Neurology (J.L.), University Hospital Ulm; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.T.), Ludwig-Maximillians-University München; Department of Neurology (A.K.), Martha Maria Hospital Halle; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Dortmund Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), University Hospital Hannover; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Hospital Ludwigshafen; Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences (A.S), Jena University Hospital; and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (A.S., C.G.), Jena University Hospital, Germany.
André Scherag
From the Hans-Berger-Department of Neurology (J.S., D.B., C.G., O.W.W., A.G.), Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.B.H., S.T.G.), University Hospital Erlangen; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology (H.F), University Hospital Freiburg; Department of Neurology (N.M., A.D.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Neurology (H.P., L.-T.L), Charité University Medicine Berlin; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Bezirksklinikum Regensburg; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L., G.N.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Department of Neurology (I.S.), University Hospital Giessen; Center for Neurology and Psychiatrics (C.D.), University Hospital Köln; Department of Neurology (J.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Klinikum Kassel; Department of Neurology (J.L.), University Hospital Ulm; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.T.), Ludwig-Maximillians-University München; Department of Neurology (A.K.), Martha Maria Hospital Halle; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Dortmund Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), University Hospital Hannover; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Hospital Ludwigshafen; Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences (A.S), Jena University Hospital; and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (A.S., C.G.), Jena University Hospital, Germany.
Christian Geis
From the Hans-Berger-Department of Neurology (J.S., D.B., C.G., O.W.W., A.G.), Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.B.H., S.T.G.), University Hospital Erlangen; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology (H.F), University Hospital Freiburg; Department of Neurology (N.M., A.D.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Neurology (H.P., L.-T.L), Charité University Medicine Berlin; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Bezirksklinikum Regensburg; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L., G.N.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Department of Neurology (I.S.), University Hospital Giessen; Center for Neurology and Psychiatrics (C.D.), University Hospital Köln; Department of Neurology (J.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Klinikum Kassel; Department of Neurology (J.L.), University Hospital Ulm; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.T.), Ludwig-Maximillians-University München; Department of Neurology (A.K.), Martha Maria Hospital Halle; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Dortmund Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), University Hospital Hannover; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Hospital Ludwigshafen; Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences (A.S), Jena University Hospital; and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (A.S., C.G.), Jena University Hospital, Germany.
Otto W. Witte
From the Hans-Berger-Department of Neurology (J.S., D.B., C.G., O.W.W., A.G.), Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.B.H., S.T.G.), University Hospital Erlangen; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology (H.F), University Hospital Freiburg; Department of Neurology (N.M., A.D.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Neurology (H.P., L.-T.L), Charité University Medicine Berlin; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Bezirksklinikum Regensburg; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L., G.N.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Department of Neurology (I.S.), University Hospital Giessen; Center for Neurology and Psychiatrics (C.D.), University Hospital Köln; Department of Neurology (J.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Klinikum Kassel; Department of Neurology (J.L.), University Hospital Ulm; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.T.), Ludwig-Maximillians-University München; Department of Neurology (A.K.), Martha Maria Hospital Halle; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Dortmund Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), University Hospital Hannover; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Hospital Ludwigshafen; Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences (A.S), Jena University Hospital; and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (A.S., C.G.), Jena University Hospital, Germany.
Albrecht Günther
From the Hans-Berger-Department of Neurology (J.S., D.B., C.G., O.W.W., A.G.), Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.B.H., S.T.G.), University Hospital Erlangen; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology (H.F), University Hospital Freiburg; Department of Neurology (N.M., A.D.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Neurology (H.P., L.-T.L), Charité University Medicine Berlin; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Bezirksklinikum Regensburg; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L., G.N.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Department of Neurology (I.S.), University Hospital Giessen; Center for Neurology and Psychiatrics (C.D.), University Hospital Köln; Department of Neurology (J.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Klinikum Kassel; Department of Neurology (J.L.), University Hospital Ulm; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.T.), Ludwig-Maximillians-University München; Department of Neurology (A.K.), Martha Maria Hospital Halle; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Dortmund Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), University Hospital Hannover; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Hospital Ludwigshafen; Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences (A.S), Jena University Hospital; and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (A.S., C.G.), Jena University Hospital, Germany.
From the Hans-Berger-Department of Neurology (J.S., D.B., C.G., O.W.W., A.G.), Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.B.H., S.T.G.), University Hospital Erlangen; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology (H.F), University Hospital Freiburg; Department of Neurology (N.M., A.D.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Neurology (H.P., L.-T.L), Charité University Medicine Berlin; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Bezirksklinikum Regensburg; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L., G.N.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Department of Neurology (I.S.), University Hospital Giessen; Center for Neurology and Psychiatrics (C.D.), University Hospital Köln; Department of Neurology (J.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Klinikum Kassel; Department of Neurology (J.L.), University Hospital Ulm; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.T.), Ludwig-Maximillians-University München; Department of Neurology (A.K.), Martha Maria Hospital Halle; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Dortmund Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), University Hospital Hannover; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Hospital Ludwigshafen; Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences (A.S), Jena University Hospital; and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (A.S., C.G.), Jena University Hospital, Germany.
Management and prognostic markers in patients with autoimmune encephalitis requiring ICU treatment
Julia Schubert, Dirk Brämer, Hagen B. Huttner, Stefan T. Gerner, Hannah Fuhrer, Nico Melzer, Andre Dik, Harald Prüss, Lam-Than Ly, Kornelius Fuchs, Frank Leypoldt, Gunnar Nissen, Ingo Schirotzek, Christian Dohmen, Julian Bösel, Jan Lewerenz, Franziska Thaler, Andrea Kraft, Aleksandra Juranek, Marius Ringelstein, Kurt-Wolfram Sühs, Christian Urbanek, André Scherag, Christian Geis, Otto W. Witte, Albrecht Günther, for the GENERATE and IGNITE network
Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm Jan 2019, 6 (1) e514; DOI: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000000514
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- Figure Alluvial plot of modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores during and at the end of hospital stay
Left: mRS scores 3–5 at maximum mRS during hospitalization, right: mRS scores 1–5 at hospital discharge. The alluvial plot shows the number of patients crossing over from the maximum mRS score during hospitalization to the final mRS score at discharge. In all 3 “maximum” groups, the transition goes downward at a percentage of ≥75%. The height of a mRS block represents the size of the group, and the height of a stream field represents the size of the components contained in both blocks connected by the stream field. Deceased patients (mRS 6) are not included in the figure There were no patients with mRS 0–2 at disease maximum.
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