January 2019; 6 (1) ArticleOpen Access
Management and prognostic markers in patients with autoimmune encephalitis requiring ICU treatment
Julia Schubert, Dirk Brämer, Hagen B. Huttner, Stefan T. Gerner, Hannah Fuhrer, Nico Melzer, Andre Dik, Harald Prüss, Lam-Than Ly, Kornelius Fuchs, Frank Leypoldt, Gunnar Nissen, Ingo Schirotzek, Christian Dohmen, Julian Bösel, Jan Lewerenz, Franziska Thaler, Andrea Kraft, Aleksandra Juranek, Marius Ringelstein, Kurt-Wolfram Sühs, Christian Urbanek, André Scherag, Christian Geis, Otto W. Witte, Albrecht Günther, for the GENERATE and IGNITE network
First published October 30, 2018, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/NXI.0000000000000514
Julia Schubert
From the Hans-Berger-Department of Neurology (J.S., D.B., C.G., O.W.W., A.G.), Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.B.H., S.T.G.), University Hospital Erlangen; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology (H.F), University Hospital Freiburg; Department of Neurology (N.M., A.D.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Neurology (H.P., L.-T.L), Charité University Medicine Berlin; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Bezirksklinikum Regensburg; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L., G.N.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Department of Neurology (I.S.), University Hospital Giessen; Center for Neurology and Psychiatrics (C.D.), University Hospital Köln; Department of Neurology (J.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Klinikum Kassel; Department of Neurology (J.L.), University Hospital Ulm; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.T.), Ludwig-Maximillians-University München; Department of Neurology (A.K.), Martha Maria Hospital Halle; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Dortmund Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), University Hospital Hannover; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Hospital Ludwigshafen; Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences (A.S), Jena University Hospital; and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (A.S., C.G.), Jena University Hospital, Germany.
MDDirk Brämer
From the Hans-Berger-Department of Neurology (J.S., D.B., C.G., O.W.W., A.G.), Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.B.H., S.T.G.), University Hospital Erlangen; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology (H.F), University Hospital Freiburg; Department of Neurology (N.M., A.D.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Neurology (H.P., L.-T.L), Charité University Medicine Berlin; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Bezirksklinikum Regensburg; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L., G.N.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Department of Neurology (I.S.), University Hospital Giessen; Center for Neurology and Psychiatrics (C.D.), University Hospital Köln; Department of Neurology (J.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Klinikum Kassel; Department of Neurology (J.L.), University Hospital Ulm; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.T.), Ludwig-Maximillians-University München; Department of Neurology (A.K.), Martha Maria Hospital Halle; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Dortmund Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), University Hospital Hannover; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Hospital Ludwigshafen; Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences (A.S), Jena University Hospital; and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (A.S., C.G.), Jena University Hospital, Germany.
MDHagen B. Huttner
From the Hans-Berger-Department of Neurology (J.S., D.B., C.G., O.W.W., A.G.), Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.B.H., S.T.G.), University Hospital Erlangen; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology (H.F), University Hospital Freiburg; Department of Neurology (N.M., A.D.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Neurology (H.P., L.-T.L), Charité University Medicine Berlin; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Bezirksklinikum Regensburg; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L., G.N.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Department of Neurology (I.S.), University Hospital Giessen; Center for Neurology and Psychiatrics (C.D.), University Hospital Köln; Department of Neurology (J.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Klinikum Kassel; Department of Neurology (J.L.), University Hospital Ulm; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.T.), Ludwig-Maximillians-University München; Department of Neurology (A.K.), Martha Maria Hospital Halle; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Dortmund Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), University Hospital Hannover; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Hospital Ludwigshafen; Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences (A.S), Jena University Hospital; and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (A.S., C.G.), Jena University Hospital, Germany.
MDStefan T. Gerner
From the Hans-Berger-Department of Neurology (J.S., D.B., C.G., O.W.W., A.G.), Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.B.H., S.T.G.), University Hospital Erlangen; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology (H.F), University Hospital Freiburg; Department of Neurology (N.M., A.D.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Neurology (H.P., L.-T.L), Charité University Medicine Berlin; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Bezirksklinikum Regensburg; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L., G.N.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Department of Neurology (I.S.), University Hospital Giessen; Center for Neurology and Psychiatrics (C.D.), University Hospital Köln; Department of Neurology (J.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Klinikum Kassel; Department of Neurology (J.L.), University Hospital Ulm; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.T.), Ludwig-Maximillians-University München; Department of Neurology (A.K.), Martha Maria Hospital Halle; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Dortmund Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), University Hospital Hannover; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Hospital Ludwigshafen; Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences (A.S), Jena University Hospital; and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (A.S., C.G.), Jena University Hospital, Germany.
MDHannah Fuhrer
From the Hans-Berger-Department of Neurology (J.S., D.B., C.G., O.W.W., A.G.), Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.B.H., S.T.G.), University Hospital Erlangen; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology (H.F), University Hospital Freiburg; Department of Neurology (N.M., A.D.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Neurology (H.P., L.-T.L), Charité University Medicine Berlin; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Bezirksklinikum Regensburg; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L., G.N.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Department of Neurology (I.S.), University Hospital Giessen; Center for Neurology and Psychiatrics (C.D.), University Hospital Köln; Department of Neurology (J.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Klinikum Kassel; Department of Neurology (J.L.), University Hospital Ulm; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.T.), Ludwig-Maximillians-University München; Department of Neurology (A.K.), Martha Maria Hospital Halle; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Dortmund Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), University Hospital Hannover; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Hospital Ludwigshafen; Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences (A.S), Jena University Hospital; and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (A.S., C.G.), Jena University Hospital, Germany.
MDNico Melzer
From the Hans-Berger-Department of Neurology (J.S., D.B., C.G., O.W.W., A.G.), Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.B.H., S.T.G.), University Hospital Erlangen; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology (H.F), University Hospital Freiburg; Department of Neurology (N.M., A.D.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Neurology (H.P., L.-T.L), Charité University Medicine Berlin; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Bezirksklinikum Regensburg; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L., G.N.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Department of Neurology (I.S.), University Hospital Giessen; Center for Neurology and Psychiatrics (C.D.), University Hospital Köln; Department of Neurology (J.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Klinikum Kassel; Department of Neurology (J.L.), University Hospital Ulm; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.T.), Ludwig-Maximillians-University München; Department of Neurology (A.K.), Martha Maria Hospital Halle; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Dortmund Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), University Hospital Hannover; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Hospital Ludwigshafen; Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences (A.S), Jena University Hospital; and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (A.S., C.G.), Jena University Hospital, Germany.
MDAndre Dik
From the Hans-Berger-Department of Neurology (J.S., D.B., C.G., O.W.W., A.G.), Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.B.H., S.T.G.), University Hospital Erlangen; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology (H.F), University Hospital Freiburg; Department of Neurology (N.M., A.D.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Neurology (H.P., L.-T.L), Charité University Medicine Berlin; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Bezirksklinikum Regensburg; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L., G.N.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Department of Neurology (I.S.), University Hospital Giessen; Center for Neurology and Psychiatrics (C.D.), University Hospital Köln; Department of Neurology (J.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Klinikum Kassel; Department of Neurology (J.L.), University Hospital Ulm; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.T.), Ludwig-Maximillians-University München; Department of Neurology (A.K.), Martha Maria Hospital Halle; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Dortmund Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), University Hospital Hannover; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Hospital Ludwigshafen; Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences (A.S), Jena University Hospital; and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (A.S., C.G.), Jena University Hospital, Germany.
MDHarald Prüss
From the Hans-Berger-Department of Neurology (J.S., D.B., C.G., O.W.W., A.G.), Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.B.H., S.T.G.), University Hospital Erlangen; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology (H.F), University Hospital Freiburg; Department of Neurology (N.M., A.D.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Neurology (H.P., L.-T.L), Charité University Medicine Berlin; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Bezirksklinikum Regensburg; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L., G.N.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Department of Neurology (I.S.), University Hospital Giessen; Center for Neurology and Psychiatrics (C.D.), University Hospital Köln; Department of Neurology (J.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Klinikum Kassel; Department of Neurology (J.L.), University Hospital Ulm; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.T.), Ludwig-Maximillians-University München; Department of Neurology (A.K.), Martha Maria Hospital Halle; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Dortmund Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), University Hospital Hannover; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Hospital Ludwigshafen; Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences (A.S), Jena University Hospital; and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (A.S., C.G.), Jena University Hospital, Germany.
MDLam-Than Ly
From the Hans-Berger-Department of Neurology (J.S., D.B., C.G., O.W.W., A.G.), Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.B.H., S.T.G.), University Hospital Erlangen; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology (H.F), University Hospital Freiburg; Department of Neurology (N.M., A.D.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Neurology (H.P., L.-T.L), Charité University Medicine Berlin; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Bezirksklinikum Regensburg; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L., G.N.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Department of Neurology (I.S.), University Hospital Giessen; Center for Neurology and Psychiatrics (C.D.), University Hospital Köln; Department of Neurology (J.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Klinikum Kassel; Department of Neurology (J.L.), University Hospital Ulm; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.T.), Ludwig-Maximillians-University München; Department of Neurology (A.K.), Martha Maria Hospital Halle; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Dortmund Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), University Hospital Hannover; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Hospital Ludwigshafen; Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences (A.S), Jena University Hospital; and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (A.S., C.G.), Jena University Hospital, Germany.
MDKornelius Fuchs
From the Hans-Berger-Department of Neurology (J.S., D.B., C.G., O.W.W., A.G.), Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.B.H., S.T.G.), University Hospital Erlangen; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology (H.F), University Hospital Freiburg; Department of Neurology (N.M., A.D.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Neurology (H.P., L.-T.L), Charité University Medicine Berlin; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Bezirksklinikum Regensburg; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L., G.N.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Department of Neurology (I.S.), University Hospital Giessen; Center for Neurology and Psychiatrics (C.D.), University Hospital Köln; Department of Neurology (J.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Klinikum Kassel; Department of Neurology (J.L.), University Hospital Ulm; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.T.), Ludwig-Maximillians-University München; Department of Neurology (A.K.), Martha Maria Hospital Halle; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Dortmund Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), University Hospital Hannover; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Hospital Ludwigshafen; Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences (A.S), Jena University Hospital; and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (A.S., C.G.), Jena University Hospital, Germany.
MDFrank Leypoldt
From the Hans-Berger-Department of Neurology (J.S., D.B., C.G., O.W.W., A.G.), Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.B.H., S.T.G.), University Hospital Erlangen; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology (H.F), University Hospital Freiburg; Department of Neurology (N.M., A.D.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Neurology (H.P., L.-T.L), Charité University Medicine Berlin; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Bezirksklinikum Regensburg; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L., G.N.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Department of Neurology (I.S.), University Hospital Giessen; Center for Neurology and Psychiatrics (C.D.), University Hospital Köln; Department of Neurology (J.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Klinikum Kassel; Department of Neurology (J.L.), University Hospital Ulm; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.T.), Ludwig-Maximillians-University München; Department of Neurology (A.K.), Martha Maria Hospital Halle; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Dortmund Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), University Hospital Hannover; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Hospital Ludwigshafen; Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences (A.S), Jena University Hospital; and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (A.S., C.G.), Jena University Hospital, Germany.
MDGunnar Nissen
From the Hans-Berger-Department of Neurology (J.S., D.B., C.G., O.W.W., A.G.), Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.B.H., S.T.G.), University Hospital Erlangen; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology (H.F), University Hospital Freiburg; Department of Neurology (N.M., A.D.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Neurology (H.P., L.-T.L), Charité University Medicine Berlin; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Bezirksklinikum Regensburg; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L., G.N.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Department of Neurology (I.S.), University Hospital Giessen; Center for Neurology and Psychiatrics (C.D.), University Hospital Köln; Department of Neurology (J.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Klinikum Kassel; Department of Neurology (J.L.), University Hospital Ulm; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.T.), Ludwig-Maximillians-University München; Department of Neurology (A.K.), Martha Maria Hospital Halle; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Dortmund Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), University Hospital Hannover; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Hospital Ludwigshafen; Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences (A.S), Jena University Hospital; and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (A.S., C.G.), Jena University Hospital, Germany.
MDIngo Schirotzek
From the Hans-Berger-Department of Neurology (J.S., D.B., C.G., O.W.W., A.G.), Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.B.H., S.T.G.), University Hospital Erlangen; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology (H.F), University Hospital Freiburg; Department of Neurology (N.M., A.D.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Neurology (H.P., L.-T.L), Charité University Medicine Berlin; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Bezirksklinikum Regensburg; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L., G.N.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Department of Neurology (I.S.), University Hospital Giessen; Center for Neurology and Psychiatrics (C.D.), University Hospital Köln; Department of Neurology (J.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Klinikum Kassel; Department of Neurology (J.L.), University Hospital Ulm; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.T.), Ludwig-Maximillians-University München; Department of Neurology (A.K.), Martha Maria Hospital Halle; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Dortmund Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), University Hospital Hannover; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Hospital Ludwigshafen; Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences (A.S), Jena University Hospital; and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (A.S., C.G.), Jena University Hospital, Germany.
MDChristian Dohmen
From the Hans-Berger-Department of Neurology (J.S., D.B., C.G., O.W.W., A.G.), Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.B.H., S.T.G.), University Hospital Erlangen; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology (H.F), University Hospital Freiburg; Department of Neurology (N.M., A.D.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Neurology (H.P., L.-T.L), Charité University Medicine Berlin; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Bezirksklinikum Regensburg; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L., G.N.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Department of Neurology (I.S.), University Hospital Giessen; Center for Neurology and Psychiatrics (C.D.), University Hospital Köln; Department of Neurology (J.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Klinikum Kassel; Department of Neurology (J.L.), University Hospital Ulm; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.T.), Ludwig-Maximillians-University München; Department of Neurology (A.K.), Martha Maria Hospital Halle; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Dortmund Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), University Hospital Hannover; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Hospital Ludwigshafen; Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences (A.S), Jena University Hospital; and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (A.S., C.G.), Jena University Hospital, Germany.
MDJulian Bösel
From the Hans-Berger-Department of Neurology (J.S., D.B., C.G., O.W.W., A.G.), Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.B.H., S.T.G.), University Hospital Erlangen; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology (H.F), University Hospital Freiburg; Department of Neurology (N.M., A.D.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Neurology (H.P., L.-T.L), Charité University Medicine Berlin; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Bezirksklinikum Regensburg; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L., G.N.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Department of Neurology (I.S.), University Hospital Giessen; Center for Neurology and Psychiatrics (C.D.), University Hospital Köln; Department of Neurology (J.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Klinikum Kassel; Department of Neurology (J.L.), University Hospital Ulm; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.T.), Ludwig-Maximillians-University München; Department of Neurology (A.K.), Martha Maria Hospital Halle; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Dortmund Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), University Hospital Hannover; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Hospital Ludwigshafen; Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences (A.S), Jena University Hospital; and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (A.S., C.G.), Jena University Hospital, Germany.
MDJan Lewerenz
From the Hans-Berger-Department of Neurology (J.S., D.B., C.G., O.W.W., A.G.), Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.B.H., S.T.G.), University Hospital Erlangen; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology (H.F), University Hospital Freiburg; Department of Neurology (N.M., A.D.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Neurology (H.P., L.-T.L), Charité University Medicine Berlin; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Bezirksklinikum Regensburg; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L., G.N.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Department of Neurology (I.S.), University Hospital Giessen; Center for Neurology and Psychiatrics (C.D.), University Hospital Köln; Department of Neurology (J.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Klinikum Kassel; Department of Neurology (J.L.), University Hospital Ulm; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.T.), Ludwig-Maximillians-University München; Department of Neurology (A.K.), Martha Maria Hospital Halle; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Dortmund Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), University Hospital Hannover; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Hospital Ludwigshafen; Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences (A.S), Jena University Hospital; and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (A.S., C.G.), Jena University Hospital, Germany.
MDFranziska Thaler
From the Hans-Berger-Department of Neurology (J.S., D.B., C.G., O.W.W., A.G.), Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.B.H., S.T.G.), University Hospital Erlangen; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology (H.F), University Hospital Freiburg; Department of Neurology (N.M., A.D.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Neurology (H.P., L.-T.L), Charité University Medicine Berlin; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Bezirksklinikum Regensburg; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L., G.N.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Department of Neurology (I.S.), University Hospital Giessen; Center for Neurology and Psychiatrics (C.D.), University Hospital Köln; Department of Neurology (J.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Klinikum Kassel; Department of Neurology (J.L.), University Hospital Ulm; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.T.), Ludwig-Maximillians-University München; Department of Neurology (A.K.), Martha Maria Hospital Halle; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Dortmund Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), University Hospital Hannover; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Hospital Ludwigshafen; Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences (A.S), Jena University Hospital; and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (A.S., C.G.), Jena University Hospital, Germany.
MDAndrea Kraft
From the Hans-Berger-Department of Neurology (J.S., D.B., C.G., O.W.W., A.G.), Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.B.H., S.T.G.), University Hospital Erlangen; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology (H.F), University Hospital Freiburg; Department of Neurology (N.M., A.D.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Neurology (H.P., L.-T.L), Charité University Medicine Berlin; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Bezirksklinikum Regensburg; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L., G.N.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Department of Neurology (I.S.), University Hospital Giessen; Center for Neurology and Psychiatrics (C.D.), University Hospital Köln; Department of Neurology (J.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Klinikum Kassel; Department of Neurology (J.L.), University Hospital Ulm; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.T.), Ludwig-Maximillians-University München; Department of Neurology (A.K.), Martha Maria Hospital Halle; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Dortmund Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), University Hospital Hannover; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Hospital Ludwigshafen; Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences (A.S), Jena University Hospital; and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (A.S., C.G.), Jena University Hospital, Germany.
MDAleksandra Juranek
From the Hans-Berger-Department of Neurology (J.S., D.B., C.G., O.W.W., A.G.), Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.B.H., S.T.G.), University Hospital Erlangen; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology (H.F), University Hospital Freiburg; Department of Neurology (N.M., A.D.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Neurology (H.P., L.-T.L), Charité University Medicine Berlin; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Bezirksklinikum Regensburg; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L., G.N.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Department of Neurology (I.S.), University Hospital Giessen; Center for Neurology and Psychiatrics (C.D.), University Hospital Köln; Department of Neurology (J.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Klinikum Kassel; Department of Neurology (J.L.), University Hospital Ulm; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.T.), Ludwig-Maximillians-University München; Department of Neurology (A.K.), Martha Maria Hospital Halle; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Dortmund Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), University Hospital Hannover; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Hospital Ludwigshafen; Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences (A.S), Jena University Hospital; and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (A.S., C.G.), Jena University Hospital, Germany.
MDMarius Ringelstein
From the Hans-Berger-Department of Neurology (J.S., D.B., C.G., O.W.W., A.G.), Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.B.H., S.T.G.), University Hospital Erlangen; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology (H.F), University Hospital Freiburg; Department of Neurology (N.M., A.D.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Neurology (H.P., L.-T.L), Charité University Medicine Berlin; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Bezirksklinikum Regensburg; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L., G.N.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Department of Neurology (I.S.), University Hospital Giessen; Center for Neurology and Psychiatrics (C.D.), University Hospital Köln; Department of Neurology (J.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Klinikum Kassel; Department of Neurology (J.L.), University Hospital Ulm; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.T.), Ludwig-Maximillians-University München; Department of Neurology (A.K.), Martha Maria Hospital Halle; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Dortmund Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), University Hospital Hannover; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Hospital Ludwigshafen; Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences (A.S), Jena University Hospital; and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (A.S., C.G.), Jena University Hospital, Germany.
MDKurt-Wolfram Sühs
From the Hans-Berger-Department of Neurology (J.S., D.B., C.G., O.W.W., A.G.), Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.B.H., S.T.G.), University Hospital Erlangen; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology (H.F), University Hospital Freiburg; Department of Neurology (N.M., A.D.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Neurology (H.P., L.-T.L), Charité University Medicine Berlin; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Bezirksklinikum Regensburg; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L., G.N.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Department of Neurology (I.S.), University Hospital Giessen; Center for Neurology and Psychiatrics (C.D.), University Hospital Köln; Department of Neurology (J.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Klinikum Kassel; Department of Neurology (J.L.), University Hospital Ulm; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.T.), Ludwig-Maximillians-University München; Department of Neurology (A.K.), Martha Maria Hospital Halle; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Dortmund Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), University Hospital Hannover; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Hospital Ludwigshafen; Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences (A.S), Jena University Hospital; and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (A.S., C.G.), Jena University Hospital, Germany.
MDChristian Urbanek
From the Hans-Berger-Department of Neurology (J.S., D.B., C.G., O.W.W., A.G.), Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.B.H., S.T.G.), University Hospital Erlangen; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology (H.F), University Hospital Freiburg; Department of Neurology (N.M., A.D.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Neurology (H.P., L.-T.L), Charité University Medicine Berlin; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Bezirksklinikum Regensburg; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L., G.N.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Department of Neurology (I.S.), University Hospital Giessen; Center for Neurology and Psychiatrics (C.D.), University Hospital Köln; Department of Neurology (J.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Klinikum Kassel; Department of Neurology (J.L.), University Hospital Ulm; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.T.), Ludwig-Maximillians-University München; Department of Neurology (A.K.), Martha Maria Hospital Halle; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Dortmund Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), University Hospital Hannover; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Hospital Ludwigshafen; Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences (A.S), Jena University Hospital; and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (A.S., C.G.), Jena University Hospital, Germany.
MDAndré Scherag
From the Hans-Berger-Department of Neurology (J.S., D.B., C.G., O.W.W., A.G.), Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.B.H., S.T.G.), University Hospital Erlangen; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology (H.F), University Hospital Freiburg; Department of Neurology (N.M., A.D.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Neurology (H.P., L.-T.L), Charité University Medicine Berlin; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Bezirksklinikum Regensburg; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L., G.N.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Department of Neurology (I.S.), University Hospital Giessen; Center for Neurology and Psychiatrics (C.D.), University Hospital Köln; Department of Neurology (J.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Klinikum Kassel; Department of Neurology (J.L.), University Hospital Ulm; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.T.), Ludwig-Maximillians-University München; Department of Neurology (A.K.), Martha Maria Hospital Halle; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Dortmund Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), University Hospital Hannover; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Hospital Ludwigshafen; Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences (A.S), Jena University Hospital; and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (A.S., C.G.), Jena University Hospital, Germany.
PhDChristian Geis
From the Hans-Berger-Department of Neurology (J.S., D.B., C.G., O.W.W., A.G.), Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.B.H., S.T.G.), University Hospital Erlangen; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology (H.F), University Hospital Freiburg; Department of Neurology (N.M., A.D.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Neurology (H.P., L.-T.L), Charité University Medicine Berlin; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Bezirksklinikum Regensburg; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L., G.N.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Department of Neurology (I.S.), University Hospital Giessen; Center for Neurology and Psychiatrics (C.D.), University Hospital Köln; Department of Neurology (J.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Klinikum Kassel; Department of Neurology (J.L.), University Hospital Ulm; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.T.), Ludwig-Maximillians-University München; Department of Neurology (A.K.), Martha Maria Hospital Halle; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Dortmund Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), University Hospital Hannover; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Hospital Ludwigshafen; Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences (A.S), Jena University Hospital; and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (A.S., C.G.), Jena University Hospital, Germany.
MDOtto W. Witte
From the Hans-Berger-Department of Neurology (J.S., D.B., C.G., O.W.W., A.G.), Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.B.H., S.T.G.), University Hospital Erlangen; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology (H.F), University Hospital Freiburg; Department of Neurology (N.M., A.D.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Neurology (H.P., L.-T.L), Charité University Medicine Berlin; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Bezirksklinikum Regensburg; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L., G.N.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Department of Neurology (I.S.), University Hospital Giessen; Center for Neurology and Psychiatrics (C.D.), University Hospital Köln; Department of Neurology (J.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Klinikum Kassel; Department of Neurology (J.L.), University Hospital Ulm; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.T.), Ludwig-Maximillians-University München; Department of Neurology (A.K.), Martha Maria Hospital Halle; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Dortmund Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), University Hospital Hannover; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Hospital Ludwigshafen; Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences (A.S), Jena University Hospital; and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (A.S., C.G.), Jena University Hospital, Germany.
MDAlbrecht Günther
From the Hans-Berger-Department of Neurology (J.S., D.B., C.G., O.W.W., A.G.), Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.B.H., S.T.G.), University Hospital Erlangen; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology (H.F), University Hospital Freiburg; Department of Neurology (N.M., A.D.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Neurology (H.P., L.-T.L), Charité University Medicine Berlin; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Bezirksklinikum Regensburg; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L., G.N.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Department of Neurology (I.S.), University Hospital Giessen; Center for Neurology and Psychiatrics (C.D.), University Hospital Köln; Department of Neurology (J.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Klinikum Kassel; Department of Neurology (J.L.), University Hospital Ulm; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.T.), Ludwig-Maximillians-University München; Department of Neurology (A.K.), Martha Maria Hospital Halle; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Dortmund Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), University Hospital Hannover; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Hospital Ludwigshafen; Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences (A.S), Jena University Hospital; and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (A.S., C.G.), Jena University Hospital, Germany.
MDFrom the Hans-Berger-Department of Neurology (J.S., D.B., C.G., O.W.W., A.G.), Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (H.B.H., S.T.G.), University Hospital Erlangen; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology (H.F), University Hospital Freiburg; Department of Neurology (N.M., A.D.), University Hospital Münster; Department of Neurology (H.P., L.-T.L), Charité University Medicine Berlin; Department of Neurology (K.F.), Bezirksklinikum Regensburg; Neuroimmunology Section (F.L., G.N.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Department of Neurology (I.S.), University Hospital Giessen; Center for Neurology and Psychiatrics (C.D.), University Hospital Köln; Department of Neurology (J.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (J.B.), Klinikum Kassel; Department of Neurology (J.L.), University Hospital Ulm; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.T.), Ludwig-Maximillians-University München; Department of Neurology (A.K.), Martha Maria Hospital Halle; Department of Neurology (A.J.), Dortmund Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), University Hospital Hannover; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Hospital Ludwigshafen; Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences (A.S), Jena University Hospital; and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (A.S., C.G.), Jena University Hospital, Germany.
Management and prognostic markers in patients with autoimmune encephalitis requiring ICU treatment
Julia Schubert, Dirk Brämer, Hagen B. Huttner, Stefan T. Gerner, Hannah Fuhrer, Nico Melzer, Andre Dik, Harald Prüss, Lam-Than Ly, Kornelius Fuchs, Frank Leypoldt, Gunnar Nissen, Ingo Schirotzek, Christian Dohmen, Julian Bösel, Jan Lewerenz, Franziska Thaler, Andrea Kraft, Aleksandra Juranek, Marius Ringelstein, Kurt-Wolfram Sühs, Christian Urbanek, André Scherag, Christian Geis, Otto W. Witte, Albrecht Günther, for the GENERATE and IGNITE network
Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm Jan 2019, 6 (1) e514; DOI: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000000514
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- Figure Alluvial plot of modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores during and at the end of hospital stay
Left: mRS scores 3–5 at maximum mRS during hospitalization, right: mRS scores 1–5 at hospital discharge. The alluvial plot shows the number of patients crossing over from the maximum mRS score during hospitalization to the final mRS score at discharge. In all 3 “maximum” groups, the transition goes downward at a percentage of ≥75%. The height of a mRS block represents the size of the group, and the height of a stream field represents the size of the components contained in both blocks connected by the stream field. Deceased patients (mRS 6) are not included in the figure There were no patients with mRS 0–2 at disease maximum.
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