Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1 [11C](R)-PK11195 binding in the global and segmented NAWM in patients with MS compared with HCs
Region of interest–specific binding of [11C](R)-PK11195 measured as DVR in the global NAWM and in the segmented NAWM of 55 patients with MS compared with 10 HCs. Boxplots show median DVR values with the first and third interquartile. Data beyond end of whiskers are outliers and plotted as points. The pairwise comparisons were performed with the analysis of covariance with age as covariate, followed by Tukey post hoc adjustment for multiple comparisons, and were considered statistically significant at the level of p < 0.05. CIN = cingulate; DVR = distribution volume ratio; dWM = deep normal-appearing white matter; FRO = frontal; HC = healthy control; NAWM = normal-appearing white matter; OCC = occipital; PAR = parietal; RRMS = relapsing-remitting MS; SPMS = secondary progressive MS; TMP = temporal. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.
- Figure 2 Structural changes in whole and segmented NAWM regions in patients with MS compared with HCs
Differences in fractional anisotropy (A), mean diffusivity (B), axial diffusivity (C), and radial diffusivity (D) in the whole and segmented NAWM subregions of patients with MS (RRMS n = 40, SPMS n = 15) and HCs (n = 15). Boxplots show median DTI values with the first and third interquartile. Data beyond end of whiskers are outliers and plotted as points. The pairwise comparisons were performed with the Wilcoxon test and were considered statistically significant at the level of p < 0.05. The Holm method was used to adjust the p values for multiple comparisons. AD = axial diffusivity; CIN = cingulate; dWM = deep normal-appearing white matter; FA = fractional anisotropy; FRO = frontal; HC = healthy control; MD = mean diffusivity; NAWM = normal-appearing white matter; OCC = occipital; PAR = parietal; RD = radial diffusivity; RRMS = relapsing-remitting MS; SPMS = secondary progressive MS; TMP = temporal. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01.
- Figure 3 Associations of NAWM [11C](R)-PK11195 binding and decreased tract integrity to disability
Decreased WM integrity (A–D) and increased specific binding of [11C](R)-PK11195 measured as DVR in the global NAWM (E) is associated with clinical disability, evaluated with the EDSS score. The correlations are visualized with linear regression lines and Spearman correlation coefficient, significant at the level of p < 0.05. AD = axial diffusivity; DVR = distribution volume ratio; EDSS = Expanded Disability Status Scale; FA = fractional anisotropy; MD = mean diffusivity; NAWM = normal-appearing white matter; RD = radial diffusivity; RRMS = relapsing-remitting MS; SPMS = secondary progressive MS; WM = white matter.
- Figure 4 Associations between [11C](R)-PK11195 binding and structural WM changes in NAWM in patients with MS
Specific binding of [11C](R)-PK11195 measured as DVR in the NAWM correlates with FA (A) and with MD, AD, and RD (B–D) measured within the NAWM of 55 patients with MS. The correlations are visualized with linear regression lines and Spearman correlation coefficient, significant at the level of p < 0.05. Voxel-wise correlation of increased microglial activation and decreased FA in the NAWM of patients with MS is shown in (E). Statistically significant voxel-wise FA and DVR correlation coefficients in the NAWM (shown in green) and in the whole WM (shown in red-yellow) for the patients with MS (n = 54) at a group level. Correction for multiple comparisons was performed using FDR with significance level of p < 0.05. Significant clusters were found within the superior longitudinal fasciculus, corticospinal tract, cingulate gyrus, corona radiata, and forceps minor, and also within thalamic radiation. AD = axial diffusivity; DVR = distribution volume ratio; FA = fractional anisotropy; FDR = false discovery rate; MD = mean diffusivity; NAWM = normal-appearing white matter; RD = radial diffusivity; RRMS = relapsing-remitting MS; SPMS = secondary progressive MS; WM = white matter.
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