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July 2020; 7 (4) ArticleOpen Access

Monitoring of radiologic disease activity by serum neurofilaments in MS

Tomas Uher, Sabine Schaedelin, Barbora Srpova, Christian Barro, Niels Bergsland, Michael Dwyer, Michaela Tyblova, Karolina Vodehnalova, Pascal Benkert, Johanna Oechtering, David Leppert, Yvonne Naegelin, Jan Krasensky, Manuela Vaneckova, Eva Kubala Havrdova, Ludwig Kappos, Robert Zivadinov, Dana Horakova, Jens Kuhle, Tomas Kalincik
First published April 9, 2020, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/NXI.0000000000000714
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Article Information

vol. 7 no. 4 e714
DOI: 
https://doi.org/10.1212/NXI.0000000000000714
PubMed: 
32273481
Published By: 
Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology
Online ISSN: 
2332-7812
History: 
  • Received December 17, 2019
  • Accepted in final form February 27, 2020
  • First Published April 9, 2020.
Copyright & Usage: 
Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND), which permits downloading and sharing the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.

Author Disclosures

    1. Tomas Uher, MD, PhD,
    2. Sabine Schaedelin, MSc,
    3. Barbora Srpova, MD,
    4. Christian Barro, MD, PhD,
    5. Niels Bergsland, MS, PhD,
    6. Michael Dwyer, MS, PhD,
    7. Michaela Tyblova, MD, PhD,
    8. Karolina Vodehnalova, MD,
    9. Pascal Benkert, PhD,
    10. Johanna Oechtering, MD,
    11. David Leppert, MD,
    12. Yvonne Naegelin, MD,
    13. Jan Krasensky, MS,
    14. Manuela Vaneckova, MD, PhD,
    15. Eva Kubala Havrdova, MD, PhD,
    16. Ludwig Kappos, MD, PhD,
    17. Robert Zivadinov, MD, PhD,
    18. Dana Horakova, MD, PhD,
    19. Jens Kuhle, MD, PhD* and
    20. Tomas Kalincik, MD, PhD*
  1. Tomas Uher, MD, PhD,
    2. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. Sanofi - advisory board 1/2020

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. Financial support for conference travel and speaker honoraria from Biogen Idec, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi and Merck Serono

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Activitas Nervosa Superior, Associate Editor, 2018 Journal of Neuroimaging, Editorial Board, will be from 3- 4/2020

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. Biogen Sanofi (GZ-2017-11718)

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. Charles University Grant Agency (GAUK) Czech Ministry of Education project Progres Czech Ministry of Health project

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  2. Sabine Schaedelin, MSc,
    3. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  3. Barbora Srpova, MD,
    4. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. (1) Biogen Idec, funding for travel, (2) Merc, funding for travel, (3) Roche, funding for travel, (4) Novartis, funding for travel

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. (1) Charles University Grant Agency (GAUK), 230217, 2017- 2020

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  4. Christian Barro, MD, PhD,
    5. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  5. Niels Bergsland, MS, PhD,
    6. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. 1) Journal of Neuroimaging, Section editor for multiple sclerosis, 2018-present 2) PLOS ONE, Academic Editor, 2018-present 3) Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Associate Editor, 2018-present

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  6. Michael Dwyer, MS, PhD,
    7. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Assistant Editor, Journal of Neuroimaging

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. (1) Protembis GmbH (2) EMD Serono

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. (1) Novartis (2) Celgene (3) Protembis (4) Keystone Heart

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  7. Michaela Tyblova, MD, PhD,
    8. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. Compensation for travel and honoraria from Biogen Idec, Sanofi, Teva and Merck Serono.

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  8. Karolina Vodehnalova, MD,
    9. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. Received compensation for traveling and conference fees from Merck, Sanofi Genzyme, Biogen Idec, Novartis, Roche.

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  9. Pascal Benkert, PhD,
    10. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  10. Johanna Oechtering, MD,
    11. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. (1) Roche

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. (1) Bayer, travel compensation (2) Biogen, travel compensation (3) Novartis, travel compensation

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  11. David Leppert, MD,
    12. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. Travel cost reimbursement and speaker honoraria from Sanofi, GeNeuro, Roche, Novartis and Orion

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. David Leppert has been a Novartis employee until January 2019.

    Consultancies:

    1. DL is a consultant for GeNeuro.

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. David leppert has been a Novartis employee until January 2019. Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials: Novartis granted 2019 blocked until 2022

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  12. Yvonne Naegelin, MD,
    13. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. her employer, the University Hospital Basel received payments for lecturing from Celgene GmbH and Teva Pharma AG that were exclusively used for research support, not related to this study

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  13. Jan Krasensky, MS,
    14. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. Biogen

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  14. Manuela Vaneckova, MD, PhD,
    15. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. Biogen Idec, Novartis,Teva, Roche, Genzyme

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. Biogen Idec

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. Biogen Idec

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. Czech Ministries of Health - RVO-VFN64165

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  15. Eva Kubala Havrdova, MD, PhD,
    16. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. 1. Biogen 2. Novartis 3. Genzyme 4. Actelion 5. Celgene

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. 1. Biogen 2. Novartis 3. Celgene 4. Genzyme 5. Actelion 6. Roche 7. Merck Serono

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. 1. Biogen 2. Novartis 3. Celgene 4. Genzyme 5. Actelion 6. Roche 7. Merck Serono

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. 1. European Commission Grant: ABIRISK - IMI (2012-2016), investigator2. Czech Ministry of Education: PROGRES Q27/LF1 (2017-2022), investigator

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  16. Ludwig Kappos, MD, PhD,
    17. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. (1)Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders (2)Journal of Neurology member of the Editorial Board

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. (1)Actelion, (2)Allmirall, (3)Bayer, (4) Baxalta, (5)Biogen, (6) CSL Behring,(7)Excemed, (8)Desitin, (9)GeNeuro SA, (10) Genzyme, (11)Merck, (12) Minoryx, (13)Novartis, (14)Celgene,(15)Receptos/Celgene,(16)Roche,(17)sanofi-aventis,(18)Santhera,(19)Teva,

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. (1)the Swiss MS Society, (2)the Swiss National Research Foundation, (3)the European Union, (4)Roche Research Foundations, (5) Innosuisse

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License fee payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. (1) license fees for Neurostatus products paid directly to University Hospital Basel

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  17. Robert Zivadinov, MD, PhD,
    18. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. R Zivadinov received personal compensation from Genzyme-Sanofi, Celgene and Novartis for serving on scientific advisory board.

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. R Zivadinov received personal compensation from EMD Serono, Inc., Novartis, Sanofi-Genzyme,Celgene for speaking

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. R Zivadinov received personal compensation from EMD Serono, Inc., Novartis, Sanofi-Genzyme for consulting fees.

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. R Zivadinov received personal compensation from EMD Serono, Inc., Novartis, Sanofi-Genzyme for speaking

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. Dr. Zivadinov: financial support for research activities from EMD Serono, Inc., Novartis, Sanofi-Genzyme,Mapi Pharma, Celgene and Protembis.

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  18. Dana Horakova, MD, PhD,
    19. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. Dr. Horakova received compensation for travel, speaker honoraria and consultant fees from Biogen Idec, Novartis, Merck, Roche, and Sanofi.

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. Support for research activities from Biogen Idec.

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. Supported by Czech Ministries of Education and Health [PRVOUK-P26/LF1/4].

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  19. Jens Kuhle, MD, PhD* and
    20. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. (1) Bayer AG (2) Biogen (3) Celgene (4) Genzyme (5) Merck (4) Novartis (5) Roche Pharma (Schweiz) AG

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. (1) Swiss National Research Foundation (320030_189140/1)

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. (1) ECTRIMS Research Fellowship Programme (2) University of Basel (3) Swiss MS Society

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  20. Tomas Kalincik, MD, PhD*
    21. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. (1) Novartis, (2) Merck, (3) Biogen, (4) Roche, (5) Genzyme-Sanofi, (6) Celgene

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. (1) Novartis, compensation for travel and speaker honoraria (2) Biogen, compensation for travel and speaker honoraria (3) Genzyme-Sanofi, compensation for travel and speaker honoraria (4) Teva, speaker honoraria (5) Merck, compensation for travel and speaker honoraria (6) WebMD Global, speaker honoraria (7) Roche, speaker honoraria (8) BioCSL, speaker honoraria

    Editorial Boards:

    1. (1) Multiple Sclerosis Journal, editorial board member, since 2018 (2) Neurology and Clinical Practice, editorial board member, since 2020 (3) BMC Neurology, associate editor 2017-2018 (4) Frontiers in Neurology, reviewer editor 2017-2018

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. (1) Novartis, (2) Biogen, (3) Genzyme-Sanofi, (4) Teva, (5) Merck, (6) WebMD Global, (7) Roche, (8) BioCSL, (9) Roche

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. (1) Biogen

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. (1) University of Melbourne

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. (1) Multiple Sclerosis Research Australia, (2) National Medical and Health Research Committee, (3) Multiple Sclerosis Society, UK, (4) ARSEP, (5) Medical Research Future Fund

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  1. From the Department of Medicine (T.U., T.K.), CORe, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.U., B.S., M.T., K.V., E.K.H., D.H.), Charles University in Prague, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Clinical Trial Unit (S.S., P.B.), Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel; Departments of Medicine, Biomedicine and Clinical Research (C.B., J.O., D.L., Y.N., L.K., J. Kuhle), Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (N.B., M.D., R.Z.), Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo; IRCCS “S. Maria Nascente” (N.B.), Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation, Milan, Italy; Department of Radiology (J. Krasensky, M.V.), Charles University in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Biomedical Imaging at Clinical Translational Science Institute (R.Z.), University at Buffalo, State University of New York, NY; and Department of Neurology (T.K.), The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia.
  1. Correspondence
    Dr. Uher tomas.uher{at}vfn.cz
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