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July 2020; 7 (4) ArticleOpen Access

Single-cell RNA-seq analysis of human CSF microglia and myeloid cells in neuroinflammation

Ekaterina Esaulova, Claudia Cantoni, Irina Shchukina, Konstantin Zaitsev, Robert C. Bucelli, Gregory F. Wu, Maxim N. Artyomov, Anne H. Cross, Brian T. Edelson
First published May 5, 2020, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/NXI.0000000000000732
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Article Information

vol. 7 no. 4 e732
DOI: 
https://doi.org/10.1212/NXI.0000000000000732
PubMed: 
32371549
Published By: 
Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology
Online ISSN: 
2332-7812
History: 
  • Received September 3, 2019
  • Accepted in final form March 10, 2020
  • First Published May 5, 2020.
Copyright & Usage: 
Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND), which permits downloading and sharing the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.

Author Disclosures

    1. Ekaterina Esaulova, MS*,
    2. Claudia Cantoni, PhD*,
    3. Irina Shchukina, MS,
    4. Konstantin Zaitsev, MS,
    5. Robert C. Bucelli, MD, PhD,
    6. Gregory F. Wu, MD, PhD,
    7. Maxim N. Artyomov, PhD,
    8. Anne H. Cross, MD and
    9. Brian T. Edelson, MD, PhD
  1. Ekaterina Esaulova, MS*,
    2. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  2. Claudia Cantoni, PhD*,
    3. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  3. Irina Shchukina, MS,
    4. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  4. Konstantin Zaitsev, MS,
    5. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  5. Robert C. Bucelli, MD, PhD,
    6. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. I was asked to participate in an advisory board meeting for MT Pharma prior to the launch of edaravone. This was limited to a single meeting and I have no ongoing ties to MT Pharma.

    Gifts:

    1. 1) Parents of a family member I care for with Parsonage Turner syndrome, a recurring annual financial gift has been provided to me in hopes that it could be used towards Parsonage Turner research.

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other activities:

    1. I have equity in the Neurology board review website called Neuroquestions, LLC

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  6. Gregory F. Wu, MD, PhD,
    7. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. 1. Commercial - Genentech

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. Travel - ACTRIMS2020, CMSC 2019

    Editorial Boards:

    1. editorial board of N2 - no compensation.

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. Commercial - Novartis, EMD Serono, GenzymeGovernment - Department of Justice

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. Commercial - EMD Serono, Biogen, Roche

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. PI, NIH R01NS083678

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. PI, Doris Duke Foundation

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. Government - Department of Justice

  7. Maxim N. Artyomov, PhD,
    8. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  8. Anne H. Cross, MD and
    9. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. Commercial Entities: (1) Roche: member scientific advisory board 2010-2019 (2)Genentech: member of scientific advisory board 2015-2020; (3) Biogen: consulting; (4) EMD-Serono: consulting; (5) Genzyme/Sanofi: consulting; (6) Novartis: consulting; (7) Celgene: attendance at advisory board; (8) TG Therapeutics: attendance at advisory board; Non-Profit: (1) Race to Erase MS (formerly Nancy Davis Center Without Walls): reviewing grants, presence at review meetings; (2) National MS Society: speaking at regional meetings in 2018, 2020; (3) Consortium of MS Centers: participation in Board of Director meetings, talks at meetings, current Secretary of Board of Governors of CMSC

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. (1) gave talk for EMD-Serono in Stockholm 2019, included travel funded by EMD-Serono; (2) spoke at Genentech meetings (2016 - 2019); (3) research talk at scientific symposium of the Race to Erase MS (Nonprofit).

    Editorial Boards:

    1. (1) Brain Pathology,Editorial Board, 2008-ongoing - no compensation (2) Editorial Board, Journal of Neuroimmunology, Editorial Board, 1996- ongoing - no compensation

    Patents:

    1. U.S. patent #15060-630 “Methods for simultaneous multi-angular relaxometry of tissue using magnetic resonance imaging

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. (1)Biogen, ad hoc consultant, 2005-2020, (2) Sanofi- Aventis/ Genzyme, ad hoc consultant 2010 -2018 (3) Novartis, ad hoc consultant 2013- 2020; (4) Gerson Lehrman Group Austin Tx,consultant 2009-2019, (5) Guidepoint Global, LLC, New York, New York,consultant, (6) EMD Serono- ad hoc consultant 2012-2020, (7) TG Therapeutics - ad hoc consultant 2019; (8) Genentech - ad hoc consultant 2011-2020, (9) Celgene - ad hoc consultant 2018-2020; (10) At Point of Care - writer and commentator on CME programs - 2018,2019

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. I gave two talks in 2019 for the Genentech Speakers' bureau, but have since stepped down from that group.

    Other activities:

    1. (1) Projects in Knowledge, Livingston NJ 07039- fee for writing (2)Prime Education, Inc, fee for giving CME talk - 2016 & 2017; (3) honoraria for reviewing grants and serving on Scientific Advisory Board for Race To ERASE MS 2016-2019 (this is also disclosed in Sections above; (4) honoraria for reviewing grants for the Conrad N. Hilton Foundation 2018; (5) Board of Governors Member, Consortium of MS Centers 2016 ongoing (now Secretary); (6) WebMD, honoraria for filming and speaking on topics related to MS 2016-2019; (7)PeerView CME: talk at symposium at 2018 annual meeting of CMSC (8) Academic CME, honoraria for CME talk at ACTRIMS 2018, 2019; (9)Potomac Ctr for Medical Education -honoraria for giving 5 CME talks in mostly rural areas about MS in 2019

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. (1) Roche site PI for study of ocrelizumab in primary progressive MS (ORATORIO- now in open-label extension called OLE), (2) back-up investigator on a study at our site of ocrelizumab for RRMS (OPERA), began in 2011 and are now in open-label extension, (3) Roche - site co-PI of OBOE - open-label study intended to better understand mechanism of action of drug, (4) Site co-PI for CLOCK-MS study funded by EMD-Serono.

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. (1)National Institutes of Health NINDS 2PO1 NS059560- 01

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. (1) Barnes-Jewish Hospital Foundation, PI, 2005-2019 (2) Conrad N Hilton Foundation 2014-2020

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  9. Brian T. Edelson, MD, PhD
    10. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. (1) Mallinckrodt LLC (Dr. Edelson is the co-investigator on a grant from this entity awarded to Dr. Chang Liu).

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. (1) NIH (NIAID), 1 R01 AI113118, Dr. Edelson is PI, 05/05/15-04/30/20 (2) NIH (NIAID), 1 R01 AI132653, Dr. Edelson is PI (multi-PI with Dr. Christina Stallings), 09/24/18-08/31/23 (3) NIH (NINDS), 5 P50 AG005681, Dr. Edelson is the PI on a pilot grant supported by this P50 award, 05/01/19-4/30/20 (4) NIH (NCATS), 5 UL1 TR002345, Dr. Edelson was the PI on a Clinical and Translational Research Funding Program award from this UL1 award, 03/01/18-02/28/19 (5) NIH (NCATS), 5 UL1 TR002345, Dr. Edelson is a co- investigator (PI Dr. Chang Liu) on a Clinical and Translational Research Funding Program award from this UL1 award, 03/01/19- 02/28/20

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  1. From the Department of Pathology and Immunology (E.E., I.S., K.Z., G.F.W., M.N.A., B.T.E.) and Department of Neurology (C.C., R.C.B., G.F.W., A.H.C.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; and Computer Technologies Department (K.Z.), ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia.
  1. Correspondence
    Dr. Edelson bedelson{at}path.wustl.edu or Dr. Wu wug{at}neuro.wustl.edu
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