Skip to main content
Advertisement
  • Neurology.org
  • Journals
    • Neurology
    • Clinical Practice
    • Genetics
    • Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation
  • Specialty Sites
    • COVID-19
    • Without Borders
    • Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion
    • Innovations in Care Delivery
    • Practice Current
  • Collections
    • Topics A-Z
    • Residents & Fellows
    • Infographics
    • Patient Pages
    • Null Hypothesis
    • Translations
  • Podcast
  • CME
  • About
    • About the Journals
    • Contact Us
    • Editorial Board
  • Authors
    • Submit a Manuscript
    • Author Center

Advanced Search

Main menu

  • Neurology.org
  • Journals
    • Neurology
    • Clinical Practice
    • Genetics
    • Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation
  • Specialty Sites
    • COVID-19
    • Without Borders
    • Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion
    • Innovations in Care Delivery
    • Practice Current
  • Collections
    • Topics A-Z
    • Residents & Fellows
    • Infographics
    • Patient Pages
    • Null Hypothesis
    • Translations
  • Podcast
  • CME
  • About
    • About the Journals
    • Contact Us
    • Editorial Board
  • Authors
    • Submit a Manuscript
    • Author Center
  • Home
  • Articles
  • Issues

User menu

  • My Alerts
  • Log in

Search

  • Advanced search
Neurology Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation
Home
A peer-reviewed clinical and translational neurology open access journal
  • My Alerts
  • Log in
Site Logo
  • Home
  • Articles
  • Issues

Share

March 2021; 8 (2) ArticleOpen Access

Biological Significance of Anti–SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies

Lessons Learned From Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy

Navid Manouchehri, Lawrence Steinman, Olaf Stuve
First published December 24, 2020, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/NXI.0000000000000935
Navid Manouchehri
From the Department of Neurology (N.M.), the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology and Neurological Sciences (L.S.), Stanford University, CA; and Neurology Section (O.S.), VA North Texas Health Care System, Medical Service Dallas, VA Medical Center.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • For correspondence: navid.manouchehriardestani@utsouthwestern.edu
Lawrence Steinman
From the Department of Neurology (N.M.), the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology and Neurological Sciences (L.S.), Stanford University, CA; and Neurology Section (O.S.), VA North Texas Health Care System, Medical Service Dallas, VA Medical Center.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • For correspondence: steiny@stanford.edu
Olaf Stuve
From the Department of Neurology (N.M.), the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology and Neurological Sciences (L.S.), Stanford University, CA; and Neurology Section (O.S.), VA North Texas Health Care System, Medical Service Dallas, VA Medical Center.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Full PDF
Citation
Biological Significance of Anti–SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies
Lessons Learned From Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy
Navid Manouchehri, Lawrence Steinman, Olaf Stuve
Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm Mar 2021, 8 (2) e935; DOI: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000000935

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
Permissions

Make Comment

See Comments

Downloads
504

Share

  • Article
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Disclosures
Loading

Abstract

Objective To discuss the pathogenic and diagnostic relevance of cellular and humoral immune responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome novel coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) and pertinent observations made in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML).

Methods Review of pertinent literature.

Results There is at least 1 precedent for an antibody response against a viral pathogen that fails to provide host protection in the absence of immune-competent CD4+ T cells. PML is an infection of the CNS caused by JC virus (JCV), which commonly occurs during treatment with the therapeutic monoclonal antibody natalizumab. In this context, the humoral immune response fails to prevent JCV reactivation, and elevated anti-JCV serum indices are associated with a higher PML incidence. The more relevant immune-competent cells in host defense against JCV appear to be T cells. T cell–mediated responses are also detectable in convalescing patients with SARS-COV-2 irrespective of the humoral immune response.

Conclusion Based on pathogenic lessons learned from PML under natalizumab therapy, we suggest the incorporation of functional assays that determine neutralizing properties of SARS-CoV-2–specific antibodies. In addition, we outline the potential role of T-cell detection assays in determining herd immunity in a given population or in studying therapeutic responses to vaccines.

Glossary

GMFR=
geometric mean fold rise;
GMT=
geometric mean titer;
Ig=
immunoglobulin;
IRIS=
immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome;
JCV=
JC virus;
PML=
progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

Footnotes

  • Go to Neurology.org/NN for full disclosures. Funding information is provided at the end of the article.

  • The Article Processing Charge was funded by UT Southwestern Medical Center.

  • Received August 13, 2020.
  • Accepted in final form November 9, 2020.
  • Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND), which permits downloading and sharing the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.

View Full Text

Letters: Rapid online correspondence

No comments have been published for this article.
Comment

NOTE: All contributors' disclosures must be entered and current in our database before comments can be posted. Enter and update disclosures at http://submit.nn.neurology.org. Exception: replies to comments concerning an article you originally authored do not require updated disclosures.

  • Stay timely. Submit only on articles published within the last 8 weeks.
  • Do not be redundant. Read any comments already posted on the article prior to submission.
  • 200 words maximum.
  • 5 references maximum. Reference 1 must be the article on which you are commenting.
  • 5 authors maximum. Exception: replies can include all original authors of the article.
  • Submitted comments are subject to editing and editor review prior to posting.

More guidelines and information on Letters

Compose Comment

More information about text formats

Plain text

  • No HTML tags allowed.
  • Web page addresses and e-mail addresses turn into links automatically.
  • Lines and paragraphs break automatically.
Author Information
NOTE: The first author must also be the corresponding author of the comment.
First or given name, e.g. 'Peter'.
Your last, or family, name, e.g. 'MacMoody'.
Your email address, e.g. higgs-boson@gmail.com
Your role and/or occupation, e.g. 'Orthopedic Surgeon'.
Your organization or institution (if applicable), e.g. 'Royal Free Hospital'.
Publishing Agreement
NOTE: All authors, besides the first/corresponding author, must complete a separate Letters Submission Form and provide via email to the editorial office before comments can be posted.
CAPTCHA
This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.

Vertical Tabs

You May Also be Interested in

Back to top
  • Article
    • Abstract
    • Glossary
    • Study Funding
    • Disclosure
    • Appendix Authors
    • Footnotes
    • References
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Disclosures

Related Articles

  • No related articles found.

Topics Discussed

  • All Immunology
  • Multiple sclerosis
  • COVID-19
  • Viral infections

Alert Me

  • Alert me when eletters are published
Advertisement
Neurology - Neuroimmunology Neuroinflammation: 8 (4)

Articles

  • Articles
  • Issues
  • Popular Articles

About

  • About the Journals
  • Ethics Policies
  • Editors & Editorial Board
  • Contact Us
  • Advertise

Submit

  • Author Center
  • Submit a Manuscript
  • Information for Reviewers
  • AAN Guidelines
  • Permissions

Subscribers

  • Subscribe
  • Sign up for eAlerts
  • RSS Feed
Site Logo
  • Visit neurology Template on Facebook
  • Follow neurology Template on Twitter
  • Visit Neurology on YouTube
  • Neurology
  • Neurology: Clinical Practice
  • Neurology: Genetics
  • Neurology: Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation
  • AAN.com
  • AANnews
  • Continuum
  • Brain & Life
  • Neurology Today

Wolters Kluwer Logo

Neurology: Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation
Online ISSN: 2332-7812

© 2021 American Academy of Neurology

  • Privacy Policy
  • Feedback
  • Advertise