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May 2021; 8 (3) ArticleOpen Access

Skin Reactions in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis Receiving Cladribine Treatment

Leoni Rolfes, Steffen Pfeuffer, Jana Hackert, Marc Pawlitzki, Tobias Ruck, Wiebke Sondermann, Melanie Korsen, Heinz Wiendl, Sven G. Meuth, Christoph Kleinschnitz, Refik Pul
First published April 9, 2021, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/NXI.0000000000000990
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Article Information

vol. 8 no. 3 e990
DOI: 
https://doi.org/10.1212/NXI.0000000000000990
PubMed: 
33837059
Published By: 
Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology
Online ISSN: 
2332-7812
History: 
  • Received December 7, 2020
  • Accepted in final form February 16, 2021
  • First Published April 9, 2021.
Copyright & Usage: 
Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND), which permits downloading and sharing the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.

Author Disclosures

    1. Leoni Rolfes, MD,
    2. Steffen Pfeuffer, MD (steffen.pfeuffer{at}ukmuenster.de),
    3. Jana Hackert, MD (jana.hackert{at}uk-essen.de),
    4. Marc Pawlitzki, MD (marc.pawlitzki{at}ukmuenster.de),
    5. Tobias Ruck, MD (tobias.ruck{at}ukmuenster.de),
    6. Wiebke Sondermann, MD (wiebke.sondermann{at}uk-essen.de),
    7. Melanie Korsen, MD (melanie.korsen{at}gmail.com),
    8. Heinz Wiendl, MD (heinz.wiendl{at}ukmuenster.de),
    9. Sven G. Meuth, MD, PhD (sven.meuth{at}uni-duesseldorf.de),
    10. Christoph Kleinschnitz, MD (christoph.kleinschnitz{at}uk-essen.de) and
    11. Refik Pul, MD (refik.pul{at}uk-essen.de)
  1. Leoni Rolfes, MD,
    2. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. (1) Merck Serono, travel reimbursements (2) Sanofi Genzyme, travel reimbursements

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  2. Steffen Pfeuffer, MD (steffen.pfeuffer{at}ukmuenster.de),
    3. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. Commercial entity: Travel grants by Sanofi Genzyme, Merck, Biogen, Mylan

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. Commercial entity: Research support from DIAMED and Merck Serono

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. Society: Research support from the German Multiple Sclerosis Society (DMSG)

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  3. Jana Hackert, MD (jana.hackert{at}uk-essen.de),
    4. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. (1) Celgene, travel grants, (2) Merck, honoraria for lectures and travel grants, (3) Novartis, honoraria for lectures and travel grants, (4) Roche, honoraria for lectures, (5) Sanofi Aventis, honoraria for lectures and travel grants

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  4. Marc Pawlitzki, MD (marc.pawlitzki{at}ukmuenster.de),
    5. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. Novartis, funding for travel to conference 2014-2016 Merck Serono, funding for travel to conference 2017

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  5. Tobias Ruck, MD (tobias.ruck{at}ukmuenster.de),
    6. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. TR served on a scientific advisory board for Genzyme, Merck and Novartis.

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. TR has received travel expenses from Genzyme and Novartis and has received honoraria for lecturing from Genzyme, Biogen and Teva.

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Guest associate editor for Frontiers in Neurology.

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. TR has received financial research support from Genzyme and Novartis.

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. Supported by the German Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Technology (01GI1603D, to T.R. and S.G.M.; FKZ01FI1603A to HW, LK, and CCG)

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  6. Wiebke Sondermann, MD (wiebke.sondermann{at}uk-essen.de),
    7. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. I have received personal compensation for serving on a scientific advisory board of the following commercial Entities: Novartis LEO Pharma UCB Abbvie

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. I have received travel expenses and/or speaker honoraria from the following commercial entities: Novartis, LEO Pharma, Sanofi Genzyme, Lilly, Janssen Cilag, Pfizer, Abbvie, UCB Type of payment: honoraria or travel expenses

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. Novartis medi GmbH Bayreuth

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  7. Melanie Korsen, MD (melanie.korsen{at}gmail.com),
    8. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. Merck Serono, travel grants Biogen, travel grants

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  8. Heinz Wiendl, MD (heinz.wiendl{at}ukmuenster.de),
    9. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. (1) Biogen (2) Genzyme (3) Merck Serono (4) Novartis (5) Roche Pharma AG (6) Sanofi-Aventis

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. (1) Alexion (2) Biogen (3) Cognomed (4) F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. (5) Gemeinnützige Hertie-Stiftung (6) Merck Serono (7) Novartis (8) Roche Pharma AG (9) Sanofi-Genzyme (10) TEVA (11) WebMD Global

    Editorial Boards:

    1. (1) PLOS ONE, Editorial board member, since 2013 (2) Neurotherapeutics, since 2013 (3) Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. (1) Abbvie (2) Actelion (3) Argenx (4) Biogen (5) EMD (3) IGES (4) Johnson & Johnson (5) Merck (6) Novartis (7) Roche (8) Sanofi-Genzyme (9) Swiss Multiple Sclerosis Society (10)UCB

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. (1) Bayer Healthcare (2) Bayer Vital (3) Biogen (4) Merck Serono (5) Novartis (6) Sanofi – Genzyme (7) Sanofi US (8) TEVA Pharma

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. (1) German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF), 01GI1601E, principal investigator, 2016-2019 (2)Interdisciplinary Centre of Clinical Research (IZKF) Muenster, principal investigator, 2015-2018 (4)PML Consortium, principal investigator, 2016-2018 (5) German Research Foundation, principal investigator,SFB 1009 TP A3 + SFB-TR CRC128 TP A09 + SFB TR CRC128 TP A10, TR CRC128 TP V, TR CRC128 TP Z02 2016- 2020

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. (1) Else Kröner Fresenius Foundation (2) Fresenius Foundation (3) Hertie Foundation (4) RE Children’s Foundation

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  9. Sven G. Meuth, MD, PhD (sven.meuth{at}uni-duesseldorf.de),
    10. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. Sven G. Meuth received honoraria for lecturing and travel expenses for attending meetings from Almirall, Amicus Therapeutics Germany, Bayer Health Care, Biogen, Celgene, Diamed, Genzyme, MedDay Pharmaceuticals, Merck Serono, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, ONO Pharma, Roche, Sanofi-Aventis, Chugai Pharma, QuintilesIMS, and Teva.

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. Effectivity of specific FXII/FXIIa inhibitors, especially rHA-Infestin-4, in treating neuroinflammatory diseases (WO 2013/113774 A1 und EP 2 263 110 A1) Biomarkers for diagnosis and management of neuro-immunological diseases (WO 2016/028699 A2) NR2B selective NMDA-Receptor antagonists for treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (Reference number: PCT/EP2016/069975) Detection of anti-neurochondrin autoantibody in patients with cerebellar ataxia or cerebellitis (US10,112,982B2) Diagnosis of a novel autoimmune disease (EP086120B1; US2018/0298072,A1)

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. SGM's research is funded by Almirall, Amicus Therapeutics Germany, Biogen, Diamed, Fresenius Medical Care, Genzyme, Merck Serono, Novartis, ONO Pharma, Roche, and Teva

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. SGM's research is funded by the German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), German Academic Exchange Service, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Studies (IZKF) Muenster

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. SGM's research is funded by the German Foundation Neurology, Hertie Foundation, Else Kröner Fresenius Foundation

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  10. Christoph Kleinschnitz, MD (christoph.kleinschnitz{at}uk-essen.de) and
    11. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  11. Refik Pul, MD (refik.pul{at}uk-essen.de)
    12. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. (1) Merck (2) Biogen (3) Bayer (4) Novartis

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. (1) Merck, funding for travel to congress, speaker honoraria (2) Biogen, speaker honararia (3) Mylan, speaker honararia (4) TEVA, speaker honararium (5) Sanofi-Genzyme, speaker honoraria

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Guest Editor in Frontiers in Neurology Guest Editor in Cells

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. (1) TEVA (2) Novartis (3) Merck (4) Sanofi-Genzyme

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  1. From the Department of Neurology (L.R., S.P., M.P., T.R., H.W.), Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital of Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.H., C.K., R.P.), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Dermatology (W.S.), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; and Department of Neurology (M.K., S.G.M.), University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany.
  1. Correspondence
    Dr. Rolfes, leoni.rolfes{at}ukmuenster.de
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