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September 2021; 8 (5) ArticleOpen Access

Dysregulation of the Adaptive Immune System in Patients With Early-Stage Parkinson Disease

Zhaoqi Yan, Wei Yang, Hairong Wei, Marissa N. Dean, David G. Standaert, Gary R. Cutter, Etty N. Benveniste, Hongwei Qin
First published July 22, 2021, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/NXI.0000000000001036
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Figures

  • Figure 1
    Figure 1 CD4+ and CD8+ T-Cell Subsets in Healthy Controls and Patients With Parkinson Disease

    (A) Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stained with surface markers for CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subsets. (B) Frequencies of CD4+ T-cell subsets. (C) Frequencies of CD8+ T-cell subsets. *p < 0.05.

  • Figure 2
    Figure 2 Cytokine Production by CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells in HCs and Patients With PD

    (A) Gating strategy of T cells. (B). IFN-γ+Th1 (B.a), IL-4+Th2 (B.b), IL-17A + Th17 (B.c), and Foxp3+Treg (B.d) cells in HCs and patients with PD. (C) Frequency of IFN-γ+CD8+ T cells in HCs and patients with PD. *p < 0.05. HC = healthy control; PD = Parkinson disease.

  • Figure 3
    Figure 3 B-Cell Subsets and TNF-α Production in HCs and Patients With Parkinson Disease

    (A). Gating strategy of CD3−CD19+ B cells. (B). Total CD19+ B cells. (C). B-cell subsets. (D). CXCR3+CD27+ memory B cells. (E). TNF-⍺+CD19+ B cells in HCs and patients with Parkinson disease. *p < 0.05.

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