Skip to main content
Advertisement
  • Neurology.org
  • Journals
    • Neurology
    • Clinical Practice
    • Education
    • Genetics
    • Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation
  • Online Sections
    • Neurology Video Journal Club
    • Diversity, Equity, & Inclusion (DEI)
    • Neurology: Clinical Practice Accelerator
    • Practice Buzz
    • Practice Current
    • Residents & Fellows
    • Without Borders
  • Collections
    • COVID-19
    • Disputes & Debates
    • Health Disparities
    • Infographics
    • Neurology: Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation COVID-19 Article Hub
    • Null Hypothesis
    • Patient Pages
    • Topics A-Z
    • Translations
    • UDDA Revision Series
  • Podcast
  • CME
  • About
    • About the Journals
    • Contact Us
    • Editorial Board
  • Authors
    • Submit Manuscript
    • Author Center

Advanced Search

Main menu

  • Neurology.org
  • Journals
    • Neurology
    • Clinical Practice
    • Education
    • Genetics
    • Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation
  • Online Sections
    • Neurology Video Journal Club
    • Diversity, Equity, & Inclusion (DEI)
    • Neurology: Clinical Practice Accelerator
    • Practice Buzz
    • Practice Current
    • Residents & Fellows
    • Without Borders
  • Collections
    • COVID-19
    • Disputes & Debates
    • Health Disparities
    • Infographics
    • Neurology: Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation COVID-19 Article Hub
    • Null Hypothesis
    • Patient Pages
    • Topics A-Z
    • Translations
    • UDDA Revision Series
  • Podcast
  • CME
  • About
    • About the Journals
    • Contact Us
    • Editorial Board
  • Authors
    • Submit Manuscript
    • Author Center
  • Home
  • Articles
  • Issues
  • COVID-19 Article Hub
  • Infographics & Video Summaries

User menu

  • My Alerts
  • Log in

Search

  • Advanced search
Neurology Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation
Home
A peer-reviewed clinical and translational neurology open access journal
  • My Alerts
  • Log in
Site Logo
  • Home
  • Articles
  • Issues
  • COVID-19 Article Hub
  • Infographics & Video Summaries

Share

November 2021; 8 (6) ArticleOpen Access

Rituximab Treatment and Long-term Outcome of Patients With Autoimmune Encephalitis

Real-world Evidence From the GENERATE Registry

Franziska S. Thaler, Luise Zimmermann, Stefan Kammermeier, Christine Strippel, Marius Ringelstein, Andrea Kraft, Kurt-Wolfram Sühs, View ORCID ProfileJonathan Wickel, Christian Geis, Robert Markewitz, Christian Urbanek, Claudia Sommer, Kathrin Doppler, Loana Penner, View ORCID ProfileJan Lewerenz, Rosa Rößling, Carsten Finke, View ORCID ProfileHarald Prüss, View ORCID ProfileNico Melzer, Klaus-Peter Wandinger, Frank Leypoldt, Tania Kümpfel, on behalf of the German Network for Research on Autoimmune Encephalitis (GENERATE)
First published October 1, 2021, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/NXI.0000000000001088
Franziska S. Thaler
From the Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.S.T., T.K.), University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (L.Z., J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (Christine Strippel, N.M.), University of Muenster; Department of Neurology (M.R., N.M.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology Martha-Maria Hospital (A.K.), Halle/Saale, Academic Hospital of University Halle-Wittenberg; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), Hannover Medical School; Department of Neurology (R.M., K.-P.W.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Klinikum der Stadt Ludwigshafen a. Rh. gGmbH, Ludwigshafen; Department of Neurology (C. Sommer, K.D.), University Hospital Würzburg; Department of Neurology (L.P., J.L.), Ulm University; Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (R.R., C.F., H.P.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin (R.R., H.P.); Neuroimmunology Section (K.-P.W., F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Kiel, Lübeck; and Department of Neurology (F.L.), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Germany.
MD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Luise Zimmermann
From the Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.S.T., T.K.), University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (L.Z., J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (Christine Strippel, N.M.), University of Muenster; Department of Neurology (M.R., N.M.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology Martha-Maria Hospital (A.K.), Halle/Saale, Academic Hospital of University Halle-Wittenberg; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), Hannover Medical School; Department of Neurology (R.M., K.-P.W.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Klinikum der Stadt Ludwigshafen a. Rh. gGmbH, Ludwigshafen; Department of Neurology (C. Sommer, K.D.), University Hospital Würzburg; Department of Neurology (L.P., J.L.), Ulm University; Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (R.R., C.F., H.P.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin (R.R., H.P.); Neuroimmunology Section (K.-P.W., F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Kiel, Lübeck; and Department of Neurology (F.L.), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Germany.
MD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • For correspondence: luise.roepke@googlemail.com
Stefan Kammermeier
From the Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.S.T., T.K.), University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (L.Z., J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (Christine Strippel, N.M.), University of Muenster; Department of Neurology (M.R., N.M.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology Martha-Maria Hospital (A.K.), Halle/Saale, Academic Hospital of University Halle-Wittenberg; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), Hannover Medical School; Department of Neurology (R.M., K.-P.W.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Klinikum der Stadt Ludwigshafen a. Rh. gGmbH, Ludwigshafen; Department of Neurology (C. Sommer, K.D.), University Hospital Würzburg; Department of Neurology (L.P., J.L.), Ulm University; Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (R.R., C.F., H.P.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin (R.R., H.P.); Neuroimmunology Section (K.-P.W., F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Kiel, Lübeck; and Department of Neurology (F.L.), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Germany.
MD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • For correspondence: stefan.kammermeier@med.uni-muenchen.de
Christine Strippel
From the Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.S.T., T.K.), University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (L.Z., J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (Christine Strippel, N.M.), University of Muenster; Department of Neurology (M.R., N.M.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology Martha-Maria Hospital (A.K.), Halle/Saale, Academic Hospital of University Halle-Wittenberg; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), Hannover Medical School; Department of Neurology (R.M., K.-P.W.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Klinikum der Stadt Ludwigshafen a. Rh. gGmbH, Ludwigshafen; Department of Neurology (C. Sommer, K.D.), University Hospital Würzburg; Department of Neurology (L.P., J.L.), Ulm University; Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (R.R., C.F., H.P.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin (R.R., H.P.); Neuroimmunology Section (K.-P.W., F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Kiel, Lübeck; and Department of Neurology (F.L.), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Germany.
MD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • For correspondence: christine.strippel@ukmuenster.de
Marius Ringelstein
From the Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.S.T., T.K.), University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (L.Z., J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (Christine Strippel, N.M.), University of Muenster; Department of Neurology (M.R., N.M.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology Martha-Maria Hospital (A.K.), Halle/Saale, Academic Hospital of University Halle-Wittenberg; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), Hannover Medical School; Department of Neurology (R.M., K.-P.W.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Klinikum der Stadt Ludwigshafen a. Rh. gGmbH, Ludwigshafen; Department of Neurology (C. Sommer, K.D.), University Hospital Würzburg; Department of Neurology (L.P., J.L.), Ulm University; Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (R.R., C.F., H.P.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin (R.R., H.P.); Neuroimmunology Section (K.-P.W., F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Kiel, Lübeck; and Department of Neurology (F.L.), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Germany.
MD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • For correspondence: marius.ringelstein@med.uni-duesseldorf.de
Andrea Kraft
From the Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.S.T., T.K.), University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (L.Z., J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (Christine Strippel, N.M.), University of Muenster; Department of Neurology (M.R., N.M.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology Martha-Maria Hospital (A.K.), Halle/Saale, Academic Hospital of University Halle-Wittenberg; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), Hannover Medical School; Department of Neurology (R.M., K.-P.W.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Klinikum der Stadt Ludwigshafen a. Rh. gGmbH, Ludwigshafen; Department of Neurology (C. Sommer, K.D.), University Hospital Würzburg; Department of Neurology (L.P., J.L.), Ulm University; Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (R.R., C.F., H.P.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin (R.R., H.P.); Neuroimmunology Section (K.-P.W., F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Kiel, Lübeck; and Department of Neurology (F.L.), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Germany.
MD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • For correspondence: andrea.kraft@martha-maria.de
Kurt-Wolfram Sühs
From the Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.S.T., T.K.), University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (L.Z., J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (Christine Strippel, N.M.), University of Muenster; Department of Neurology (M.R., N.M.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology Martha-Maria Hospital (A.K.), Halle/Saale, Academic Hospital of University Halle-Wittenberg; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), Hannover Medical School; Department of Neurology (R.M., K.-P.W.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Klinikum der Stadt Ludwigshafen a. Rh. gGmbH, Ludwigshafen; Department of Neurology (C. Sommer, K.D.), University Hospital Würzburg; Department of Neurology (L.P., J.L.), Ulm University; Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (R.R., C.F., H.P.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin (R.R., H.P.); Neuroimmunology Section (K.-P.W., F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Kiel, Lübeck; and Department of Neurology (F.L.), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Germany.
MD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • For correspondence: suehs.kurt-wolfram@mh-hannover.de
Jonathan Wickel
From the Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.S.T., T.K.), University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (L.Z., J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (Christine Strippel, N.M.), University of Muenster; Department of Neurology (M.R., N.M.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology Martha-Maria Hospital (A.K.), Halle/Saale, Academic Hospital of University Halle-Wittenberg; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), Hannover Medical School; Department of Neurology (R.M., K.-P.W.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Klinikum der Stadt Ludwigshafen a. Rh. gGmbH, Ludwigshafen; Department of Neurology (C. Sommer, K.D.), University Hospital Würzburg; Department of Neurology (L.P., J.L.), Ulm University; Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (R.R., C.F., H.P.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin (R.R., H.P.); Neuroimmunology Section (K.-P.W., F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Kiel, Lübeck; and Department of Neurology (F.L.), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Germany.
MD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for Jonathan Wickel
  • For correspondence: jonathan.wickel@med.uni-jena.de
Christian Geis
From the Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.S.T., T.K.), University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (L.Z., J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (Christine Strippel, N.M.), University of Muenster; Department of Neurology (M.R., N.M.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology Martha-Maria Hospital (A.K.), Halle/Saale, Academic Hospital of University Halle-Wittenberg; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), Hannover Medical School; Department of Neurology (R.M., K.-P.W.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Klinikum der Stadt Ludwigshafen a. Rh. gGmbH, Ludwigshafen; Department of Neurology (C. Sommer, K.D.), University Hospital Würzburg; Department of Neurology (L.P., J.L.), Ulm University; Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (R.R., C.F., H.P.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin (R.R., H.P.); Neuroimmunology Section (K.-P.W., F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Kiel, Lübeck; and Department of Neurology (F.L.), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Germany.
MD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • For correspondence: christian.geis@med.uni-jena.de
Robert Markewitz
From the Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.S.T., T.K.), University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (L.Z., J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (Christine Strippel, N.M.), University of Muenster; Department of Neurology (M.R., N.M.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology Martha-Maria Hospital (A.K.), Halle/Saale, Academic Hospital of University Halle-Wittenberg; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), Hannover Medical School; Department of Neurology (R.M., K.-P.W.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Klinikum der Stadt Ludwigshafen a. Rh. gGmbH, Ludwigshafen; Department of Neurology (C. Sommer, K.D.), University Hospital Würzburg; Department of Neurology (L.P., J.L.), Ulm University; Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (R.R., C.F., H.P.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin (R.R., H.P.); Neuroimmunology Section (K.-P.W., F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Kiel, Lübeck; and Department of Neurology (F.L.), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Germany.
MD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • For correspondence: robert.markewitz@uksh.de
Christian Urbanek
From the Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.S.T., T.K.), University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (L.Z., J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (Christine Strippel, N.M.), University of Muenster; Department of Neurology (M.R., N.M.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology Martha-Maria Hospital (A.K.), Halle/Saale, Academic Hospital of University Halle-Wittenberg; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), Hannover Medical School; Department of Neurology (R.M., K.-P.W.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Klinikum der Stadt Ludwigshafen a. Rh. gGmbH, Ludwigshafen; Department of Neurology (C. Sommer, K.D.), University Hospital Würzburg; Department of Neurology (L.P., J.L.), Ulm University; Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (R.R., C.F., H.P.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin (R.R., H.P.); Neuroimmunology Section (K.-P.W., F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Kiel, Lübeck; and Department of Neurology (F.L.), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Germany.
MD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • For correspondence: urbanekc@klilu.de
Claudia Sommer
From the Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.S.T., T.K.), University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (L.Z., J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (Christine Strippel, N.M.), University of Muenster; Department of Neurology (M.R., N.M.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology Martha-Maria Hospital (A.K.), Halle/Saale, Academic Hospital of University Halle-Wittenberg; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), Hannover Medical School; Department of Neurology (R.M., K.-P.W.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Klinikum der Stadt Ludwigshafen a. Rh. gGmbH, Ludwigshafen; Department of Neurology (C. Sommer, K.D.), University Hospital Würzburg; Department of Neurology (L.P., J.L.), Ulm University; Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (R.R., C.F., H.P.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin (R.R., H.P.); Neuroimmunology Section (K.-P.W., F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Kiel, Lübeck; and Department of Neurology (F.L.), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Germany.
MD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • For correspondence: sommer@uni-wuerzburg.de
Kathrin Doppler
From the Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.S.T., T.K.), University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (L.Z., J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (Christine Strippel, N.M.), University of Muenster; Department of Neurology (M.R., N.M.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology Martha-Maria Hospital (A.K.), Halle/Saale, Academic Hospital of University Halle-Wittenberg; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), Hannover Medical School; Department of Neurology (R.M., K.-P.W.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Klinikum der Stadt Ludwigshafen a. Rh. gGmbH, Ludwigshafen; Department of Neurology (C. Sommer, K.D.), University Hospital Würzburg; Department of Neurology (L.P., J.L.), Ulm University; Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (R.R., C.F., H.P.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin (R.R., H.P.); Neuroimmunology Section (K.-P.W., F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Kiel, Lübeck; and Department of Neurology (F.L.), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Germany.
MD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • For correspondence: doppler_k@ukw.de
Loana Penner
From the Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.S.T., T.K.), University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (L.Z., J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (Christine Strippel, N.M.), University of Muenster; Department of Neurology (M.R., N.M.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology Martha-Maria Hospital (A.K.), Halle/Saale, Academic Hospital of University Halle-Wittenberg; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), Hannover Medical School; Department of Neurology (R.M., K.-P.W.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Klinikum der Stadt Ludwigshafen a. Rh. gGmbH, Ludwigshafen; Department of Neurology (C. Sommer, K.D.), University Hospital Würzburg; Department of Neurology (L.P., J.L.), Ulm University; Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (R.R., C.F., H.P.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin (R.R., H.P.); Neuroimmunology Section (K.-P.W., F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Kiel, Lübeck; and Department of Neurology (F.L.), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Germany.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • For correspondence: loana.penner@uni-ulm.de
Jan Lewerenz
From the Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.S.T., T.K.), University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (L.Z., J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (Christine Strippel, N.M.), University of Muenster; Department of Neurology (M.R., N.M.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology Martha-Maria Hospital (A.K.), Halle/Saale, Academic Hospital of University Halle-Wittenberg; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), Hannover Medical School; Department of Neurology (R.M., K.-P.W.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Klinikum der Stadt Ludwigshafen a. Rh. gGmbH, Ludwigshafen; Department of Neurology (C. Sommer, K.D.), University Hospital Würzburg; Department of Neurology (L.P., J.L.), Ulm University; Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (R.R., C.F., H.P.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin (R.R., H.P.); Neuroimmunology Section (K.-P.W., F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Kiel, Lübeck; and Department of Neurology (F.L.), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Germany.
MD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for Jan Lewerenz
  • For correspondence: jan.lewerenz@uni-ulm.de
Rosa Rößling
From the Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.S.T., T.K.), University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (L.Z., J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (Christine Strippel, N.M.), University of Muenster; Department of Neurology (M.R., N.M.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology Martha-Maria Hospital (A.K.), Halle/Saale, Academic Hospital of University Halle-Wittenberg; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), Hannover Medical School; Department of Neurology (R.M., K.-P.W.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Klinikum der Stadt Ludwigshafen a. Rh. gGmbH, Ludwigshafen; Department of Neurology (C. Sommer, K.D.), University Hospital Würzburg; Department of Neurology (L.P., J.L.), Ulm University; Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (R.R., C.F., H.P.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin (R.R., H.P.); Neuroimmunology Section (K.-P.W., F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Kiel, Lübeck; and Department of Neurology (F.L.), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Germany.
MD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • For correspondence: rosa.roessling@charite.de
Carsten Finke
From the Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.S.T., T.K.), University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (L.Z., J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (Christine Strippel, N.M.), University of Muenster; Department of Neurology (M.R., N.M.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology Martha-Maria Hospital (A.K.), Halle/Saale, Academic Hospital of University Halle-Wittenberg; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), Hannover Medical School; Department of Neurology (R.M., K.-P.W.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Klinikum der Stadt Ludwigshafen a. Rh. gGmbH, Ludwigshafen; Department of Neurology (C. Sommer, K.D.), University Hospital Würzburg; Department of Neurology (L.P., J.L.), Ulm University; Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (R.R., C.F., H.P.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin (R.R., H.P.); Neuroimmunology Section (K.-P.W., F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Kiel, Lübeck; and Department of Neurology (F.L.), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Germany.
MD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • For correspondence: carsten.finke@charite.de
Harald Prüss
From the Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.S.T., T.K.), University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (L.Z., J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (Christine Strippel, N.M.), University of Muenster; Department of Neurology (M.R., N.M.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology Martha-Maria Hospital (A.K.), Halle/Saale, Academic Hospital of University Halle-Wittenberg; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), Hannover Medical School; Department of Neurology (R.M., K.-P.W.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Klinikum der Stadt Ludwigshafen a. Rh. gGmbH, Ludwigshafen; Department of Neurology (C. Sommer, K.D.), University Hospital Würzburg; Department of Neurology (L.P., J.L.), Ulm University; Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (R.R., C.F., H.P.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin (R.R., H.P.); Neuroimmunology Section (K.-P.W., F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Kiel, Lübeck; and Department of Neurology (F.L.), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Germany.
MD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for Harald Prüss
  • For correspondence: harald.pruess@charite.de
Nico Melzer
From the Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.S.T., T.K.), University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (L.Z., J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (Christine Strippel, N.M.), University of Muenster; Department of Neurology (M.R., N.M.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology Martha-Maria Hospital (A.K.), Halle/Saale, Academic Hospital of University Halle-Wittenberg; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), Hannover Medical School; Department of Neurology (R.M., K.-P.W.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Klinikum der Stadt Ludwigshafen a. Rh. gGmbH, Ludwigshafen; Department of Neurology (C. Sommer, K.D.), University Hospital Würzburg; Department of Neurology (L.P., J.L.), Ulm University; Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (R.R., C.F., H.P.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin (R.R., H.P.); Neuroimmunology Section (K.-P.W., F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Kiel, Lübeck; and Department of Neurology (F.L.), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Germany.
MD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for Nico Melzer
  • For correspondence: nico.melzer@ukmuenster.de
Klaus-Peter Wandinger
From the Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.S.T., T.K.), University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (L.Z., J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (Christine Strippel, N.M.), University of Muenster; Department of Neurology (M.R., N.M.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology Martha-Maria Hospital (A.K.), Halle/Saale, Academic Hospital of University Halle-Wittenberg; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), Hannover Medical School; Department of Neurology (R.M., K.-P.W.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Klinikum der Stadt Ludwigshafen a. Rh. gGmbH, Ludwigshafen; Department of Neurology (C. Sommer, K.D.), University Hospital Würzburg; Department of Neurology (L.P., J.L.), Ulm University; Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (R.R., C.F., H.P.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin (R.R., H.P.); Neuroimmunology Section (K.-P.W., F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Kiel, Lübeck; and Department of Neurology (F.L.), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Germany.
MD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • For correspondence: klaus-peter.wandinger@uksh.de
Frank Leypoldt
From the Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.S.T., T.K.), University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (L.Z., J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (Christine Strippel, N.M.), University of Muenster; Department of Neurology (M.R., N.M.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology Martha-Maria Hospital (A.K.), Halle/Saale, Academic Hospital of University Halle-Wittenberg; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), Hannover Medical School; Department of Neurology (R.M., K.-P.W.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Klinikum der Stadt Ludwigshafen a. Rh. gGmbH, Ludwigshafen; Department of Neurology (C. Sommer, K.D.), University Hospital Würzburg; Department of Neurology (L.P., J.L.), Ulm University; Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (R.R., C.F., H.P.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin (R.R., H.P.); Neuroimmunology Section (K.-P.W., F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Kiel, Lübeck; and Department of Neurology (F.L.), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Germany.
MD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • For correspondence: frank.leypoldt@uksh.de
Tania Kümpfel
From the Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.S.T., T.K.), University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (L.Z., J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (Christine Strippel, N.M.), University of Muenster; Department of Neurology (M.R., N.M.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology Martha-Maria Hospital (A.K.), Halle/Saale, Academic Hospital of University Halle-Wittenberg; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), Hannover Medical School; Department of Neurology (R.M., K.-P.W.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Klinikum der Stadt Ludwigshafen a. Rh. gGmbH, Ludwigshafen; Department of Neurology (C. Sommer, K.D.), University Hospital Würzburg; Department of Neurology (L.P., J.L.), Ulm University; Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (R.R., C.F., H.P.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin (R.R., H.P.); Neuroimmunology Section (K.-P.W., F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Kiel, Lübeck; and Department of Neurology (F.L.), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Germany.
MD
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • For correspondence: tania.kuempfel@med.uni-muenchen.de
From the Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (F.S.T., T.K.), University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (L.Z., J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (Christine Strippel, N.M.), University of Muenster; Department of Neurology (M.R., N.M.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology Martha-Maria Hospital (A.K.), Halle/Saale, Academic Hospital of University Halle-Wittenberg; Department of Neurology (K.-W.S.), Hannover Medical School; Department of Neurology (R.M., K.-P.W.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck; Department of Neurology (C.U.), Klinikum der Stadt Ludwigshafen a. Rh. gGmbH, Ludwigshafen; Department of Neurology (C. Sommer, K.D.), University Hospital Würzburg; Department of Neurology (L.P., J.L.), Ulm University; Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology (R.R., C.F., H.P.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin (R.R., H.P.); Neuroimmunology Section (K.-P.W., F.L.), Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Kiel, Lübeck; and Department of Neurology (F.L.), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Germany.
Full PDF
Citation
Rituximab Treatment and Long-term Outcome of Patients With Autoimmune Encephalitis
Real-world Evidence From the GENERATE Registry
Franziska S. Thaler, Luise Zimmermann, Stefan Kammermeier, Christine Strippel, Marius Ringelstein, Andrea Kraft, Kurt-Wolfram Sühs, Jonathan Wickel, Christian Geis, Robert Markewitz, Christian Urbanek, Claudia Sommer, Kathrin Doppler, Loana Penner, Jan Lewerenz, Rosa Rößling, Carsten Finke, Harald Prüss, Nico Melzer, Klaus-Peter Wandinger, Frank Leypoldt, Tania Kümpfel, on behalf of the German Network for Research on Autoimmune Encephalitis (GENERATE)
Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm Nov 2021, 8 (6) e1088; DOI: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000001088

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
Permissions

Make Comment

See Comments

Downloads
4392

Share

  • Article
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Disclosures
Loading

Abstract

Background and Objectives To determine the real-world use of rituximab in autoimmune encephalitis (AE) and to correlate rituximab treatment with the long-term outcome.

Methods Patients with NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-AE, leucine-rich glioma-inactivated-1 (LGI1)- AE, contactin-associated protein-like-2 (CASPR2)-AE, or glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) disease from the GErman Network for Research on AuToimmune Encephalitis who had received at least 1 rituximab dose and a control cohort of non–rituximab-treated patients were analyzed retrospectively.

Results Of the 358 patients, 163 (46%) received rituximab (NMDAR-AE: 57%, CASPR2-AE: 44%, LGI1-AE: 43%, and GAD65 disease: 37%). Rituximab treatment was initiated significantly earlier in NMDAR- and LGI1-AE (median: 54 and 155 days from disease onset) compared with CASPR2-AE or GAD65 disease (median: 632 and 1,209 days). Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores improved significantly in patients with NMDAR-AE, both with and without rituximab treatment. Although being more severely affected at baseline, rituximab-treated patients with NMDAR-AE more frequently reached independent living (mRS score ≤2) (94% vs 88%). In LGI1-AE, rituximab-treated and nontreated patients improved, whereas in CASPR2-AE, only rituximab-treated patients improved significantly. No improvement was observed in patients with GAD65 disease. A significant reduction of the relapse rate was observed in rituximab-treated patients (5% vs 13%). Detection of NMDAR antibodies was significantly associated with mRS score improvement. A favorable outcome was also observed with early treatment initiation.

Discussion We provide real-world data on immunosuppressive treatments with a focus on rituximab treatment for patients with AE in Germany. We suggest that early and short-term rituximab therapy might be an effective and safe treatment option in most patients with NMDAR-, LGI1-, and CASPR2-AE.

Class of Evidence This study provides Class IV evidence that rituximab is an effective treatment for some types of AE.

Glossary

abs=
antibodies;
AE=
autoimmune encephalitis;
CA=
cerebellar ataxia;
CASPR2=
contactin-associated protein-like-2;
CBA=
cell-based assay;
GAD65=
glutamic acid decarboxylase 65;
GENERATE=
GErman Network for Research on AuToimmune Encephalitis;
IHC=
immunohistochemistry;
IVIG=
IV immunoglobulin;
LE=
limbic/autoimmune encephalitis;
LGI1=
leucine-rich glioma-inactivated-1;
mRS=
Modified Rankin Scale;
NMDAR=
NMDA receptor;
RIA=
radioimmunoassay;
SPS=
stiff-person syndrome

Footnotes

  • Go to Neurology.org/NN for full disclosures. Funding information is provided at the end of the article.

  • F. Leypoldt and T. Kümpfel contributed equally to this work as co–senior authors.

  • German Network for Research on Autoimmune Encephalitis (GENERATE) coinvestigators are listed in Appendix 2 at the end of the article.

  • The Article Processing Charge was funded by the authors.

  • Class of Evidence: NPub.org/coe

  • Received February 12, 2021.
  • Accepted in final form August 23, 2021.
  • Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND), which permits downloading and sharing the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.

View Full Text

Letters: Rapid online correspondence

  • Author Response: Rituximab Treatment and Long-term Outcome of Patients With Autoimmune Encephalitis: Real-world Evidence From the GENERATE Registry
    • Frank Leypoldt, Neuroimmunologist, Neuroimmunology, Inst. of Clinical Chemistry and Dep. of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein
    • Franziska Thaler, Neuroimmunologist, Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich
    • Tania Kümpfel, Neuroimmunologist, Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich
    Submitted November 17, 2021
  • Reader Response: Rituximab Treatment and Long-term Outcome of Patients With Autoimmune Encephalitis
    • Maria Andreina Vera Silva, Neurology Resident, Cleveland Clinic Florida
    • Nestor Galvez-Jimenez, Neurologist, Cleveland Clinic Florida
    Submitted November 03, 2021
Comment

REQUIREMENTS

You must ensure that your Disclosures have been updated within the previous six months. Please go to our Submission Site to add or update your Disclosure information.

Your co-authors must send a completed Publishing Agreement Form to Neurology Staff (not necessary for the lead/corresponding author as the form below will suffice) before you upload your comment.

If you are responding to a comment that was written about an article you originally authored:
You (and co-authors) do not need to fill out forms or check disclosures as author forms are still valid
and apply to letter.

Submission specifications:

  • Submissions must be < 200 words with < 5 references. Reference 1 must be the article on which you are commenting.
  • Submissions should not have more than 5 authors. (Exception: original author replies can include all original authors of the article)
  • Submit only on articles published within 6 months of issue date.
  • Do not be redundant. Read any comments already posted on the article prior to submission.
  • Submitted comments are subject to editing and editor review prior to posting.

More guidelines and information on Disputes & Debates

Compose Comment

More information about text formats

Plain text

  • No HTML tags allowed.
  • Web page addresses and e-mail addresses turn into links automatically.
  • Lines and paragraphs break automatically.
Author Information
NOTE: The first author must also be the corresponding author of the comment.
First or given name, e.g. 'Peter'.
Your last, or family, name, e.g. 'MacMoody'.
Your email address, e.g. higgs-boson@gmail.com
Your role and/or occupation, e.g. 'Orthopedic Surgeon'.
Your organization or institution (if applicable), e.g. 'Royal Free Hospital'.
Publishing Agreement
NOTE: All authors, besides the first/corresponding author, must complete a separate Publishing Agreement Form and provide via email to the editorial office before comments can be posted.
CAPTCHA
This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.

Vertical Tabs

You May Also be Interested in

Back to top
  • Article
    • Abstract
    • Glossary
    • Methods
    • Results
    • Discussion
    • Study Funding
    • Disclosure
    • Acknowledgment
    • Appendix 1 Authors
    • Appendix 2 Coinvestigators
    • Footnotes
    • References
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Disclosures
Advertisement

Association Between Fluctuations in Blood Lipid Levels Over Time With Incident Alzheimer Disease and Alzheimer Disease–Related Dementias

Dr. Sevil Yaşar and Dr. Behnam Sabayan

► Watch

Related Articles

  • No related articles found.

Topics Discussed

  • All Immunology
  • Autoimmune diseases

Alert Me

  • Alert me when eletters are published
Neurology - Neuroimmunology Neuroinflammation: 10 (6)

Articles

  • Articles
  • Issues
  • Popular Articles

About

  • About the Journals
  • Ethics Policies
  • Editors & Editorial Board
  • Contact Us
  • Advertise

Submit

  • Author Center
  • Submit a Manuscript
  • Information for Reviewers
  • AAN Guidelines
  • Permissions

Subscribers

  • Subscribe
  • Sign up for eAlerts
  • RSS Feed
Site Logo
  • Visit neurology Template on Facebook
  • Follow neurology Template on Twitter
  • Visit Neurology on YouTube
  • Neurology
  • Neurology: Clinical Practice
  • Neurology: Education
  • Neurology: Genetics
  • Neurology: Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation
  • AAN.com
  • AANnews
  • Continuum
  • Brain & Life
  • Neurology Today

Wolters Kluwer Logo

Neurology: Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation
Online ISSN: 2332-7812

© 2023 American Academy of Neurology

  • Privacy Policy
  • Feedback
  • Advertise