Share

January 2022; 9 (1) ArticleOpen Access

GRP78 Antibodies Are Associated With Blood-Brain Barrier Breakdown in Anti–Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody–Associated Disorder

Fumitaka Shimizu, Ryo Ogawa, Yoichi Mizukami, Kenji Watanabe, Kanako Hara, Chihiro Kadono, Toshiyuki Takahashi, Tatsuro Misu, Yukio Takeshita, Yasuteru Sano, Miwako Fujisawa, Toshihiko Maeda, Ichiro Nakashima, Kazuo Fujihara, Takashi Kanda
First published November 1, 2021, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/NXI.0000000000001038
Full PDF
Citation
Permissions

Make Comment

See Comments

Downloads
981

Share

Article Information

vol. 9 no. 1 e1038
DOI: 
https://doi.org/10.1212/NXI.0000000000001038
PubMed: 
34725263
Published By: 
Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology
Online ISSN: 
2332-7812
History: 
  • Received January 11, 2021
  • Accepted in final form May 25, 2021
  • First Published November 1, 2021.
Copyright & Usage: 
Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND), which permits downloading and sharing the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.

Author Disclosures

    1. Fumitaka Shimizu, MD, PhD (fshimizu{at}yamaguchi-u.ac.jp),
    2. Ryo Ogawa, MD, PhD (ryo38092001{at}yahoo.co.jp),
    3. Yoichi Mizukami, MD, PhD (mizukami{at}yamaguchi-u.ac.jp),
    4. Kenji Watanabe, PhD (wataken{at}yamaguchi-u.ac.jp),
    5. Kanako Hara (v078eb{at}yamaguchi-u.ac.jp),
    6. Chihiro Kadono (g024eb{at}yamaguchi-u.ac.jp),
    7. Toshiyuki Takahashi, MD, PhD (t-toshiyuki{at}mta.biglobe.ne.jp),
    8. Tatsuro Misu, MD, PhD (misu{at}med.tohoku.ac.jp),
    9. Yukio Takeshita, MD, PhD (takeshy{at}yamaguchi-u.ac.jp),
    10. Yasuteru Sano, MD, PhD (yasuteru{at}yamaguchi-u.ac.jp),
    11. Miwako Fujisawa, MD (fuji0418{at}yamaguchi-u.ac.jp),
    12. Toshihiko Maeda, MD, PhD,
    13. Ichiro Nakashima, MD, PhD (nakashima{at}tohoku-mpu.ac.jp),
    14. Kazuo Fujihara, MD, PhD (fujikazu{at}med.tohoku.ac.jp) and
    15. Takashi Kanda, MD, PhD
  1. Fumitaka Shimizu, MD, PhD (fshimizu{at}yamaguchi-u.ac.jp),
    2. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. Biogen, postdoctoral scientist, 1 years 10 month(2014.11- 2016.8)

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  2. Ryo Ogawa, MD, PhD (ryo38092001{at}yahoo.co.jp),
    3. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  3. Yoichi Mizukami, MD, PhD (mizukami{at}yamaguchi-u.ac.jp),
    4. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  4. Kenji Watanabe, PhD (wataken{at}yamaguchi-u.ac.jp),
    5. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  5. Kanako Hara (v078eb{at}yamaguchi-u.ac.jp),
    6. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  6. Chihiro Kadono (g024eb{at}yamaguchi-u.ac.jp),
    7. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  7. Toshiyuki Takahashi, MD, PhD (t-toshiyuki{at}mta.biglobe.ne.jp),
    8. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. Cosmic corporation, speaker honoraria

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. (1)Cosmic corporation

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  8. Tatsuro Misu, MD, PhD (misu{at}med.tohoku.ac.jp),
    9. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. Speaker honoraria from Novartis Pharma, Tanabe-Mitsubishi Pharma, Biogen Idec Japan, Teijin Pharma, Chugai Pharma, Alexion Pharma, and Viela Bio.

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Frontiers in Neurology/Immunology, Associate editor, 2020-21

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. Research support from Cosmic Corporation.

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, and the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare of Japan.

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  9. Yukio Takeshita, MD, PhD (takeshy{at}yamaguchi-u.ac.jp),
    10. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  10. Yasuteru Sano, MD, PhD (yasuteru{at}yamaguchi-u.ac.jp),
    11. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  11. Miwako Fujisawa, MD (fuji0418{at}yamaguchi-u.ac.jp),
    12. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  12. Toshihiko Maeda, MD, PhD,
    13. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  13. Ichiro Nakashima, MD, PhD (nakashima{at}tohoku-mpu.ac.jp),
    14. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. (1) Alexion Pharma, travel and speaker honoraria (2) Biogen Japan, advisory fee, travel and speaker honoraria (3) Novartis Pharma, travel and speaker honoraria (4) Chugai Pharmaceutical, travel and speaker honoraria

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. (1) Alexion Pharma (2) Biogen Japan (3) Novartis Pharma (4) Chugai Pharmaceutical

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. (1)LSI Medience Corporation

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  14. Kazuo Fujihara, MD, PhD (fujikazu{at}med.tohoku.ac.jp) and
    15. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. Serves on scientific advisory boards for Biogen, Mitsubishi-Tanabe, Novartis, Chugai, Alexion, VielaBio, UCB and Abbvie.

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. has received funding for travel or speaker honoraria from Chugai, Roche, Biogen, Novartis, Alexion, Alexion, Teijin, Mitsubishi-Tanabe, AsahiKasei, Merck, Eisai and Bayer.

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Serve as an editorial board member of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology (2009-present), Frontiers in Neurology (2017-present), Neurology: Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation (2018-present), Multiple Sclerosis (2019- present), Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders (2020- present) and Neuroimmunology Reports (2021-present) and advisory board member of Sri Lanka journal of Neurology.

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. funded as the investigator (2010–2020) by the Grants- in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of Japan and as the secondary investigator by the Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Labor of Japan (2010–present).

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  15. Takashi Kanda, MD, PhD
    16. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. (1) CSL Behring (2) Chugai Paharmaceutical Co.

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. (1) Novartis Pharma Co, speaker honararia (2) Otsuka Pharmaceutical, speaker honararia (3) Ayumi Pharmaceutical, speaker honararia (4) Japan Blood, speaker honararia (5) Takeda Pharmacuetical Co., speaker honararia (6) Kyowa-Kirin Pharmaceutical Co., speaker honararia (7) Dainipponsumitomo Pharmaceutical Co., speaker honararia (8) Tanabe Mitsubishi Pharmaceutical Co., speaker honararia (9) CSL Behring,, speaker honararia (10) Janssen Pahrmaceutical Co., speaker honararia (11) Teijin Pharm., speaker honararia (12) Biogen Japan, speaker honararia (13) Eosai Pharmaceutical, speaker honararia (14) Alexion Pharm., speaker honararia (15) Glaxo Smith Klein, , speaker honararia (16) Ono Pharmaceutical Co., speaker honararia

    Editorial Boards:

    1. (1) Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology Editor-in- Chief 2010-2018 (2) Neuropathology, Editorial Advisory Board Member 2009- (3) Brain and Nerve Editor-in-Chief 2018- (4) Peripheral Nerve, Editor-in-Chief, 2017- (5) Fluids and Barriers of the CNS, Editor 2014-

    Patents:

    1. (1) in vitro model of blood-brain barrier

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. (1) Teijin pharmaceutical Co.

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. (1) Novartis Pharm. (2) Daiichi-Sankyo Co. (3) Asteras Co.

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. (1) Contract Grant Sponsor: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science - Tokyo Contract Grant Number: 25293203, 26670443, 17H04197

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  1. From the Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine (F.S., K.H., C.K., Y.T., Y.S., M.F., T. Maeda, T.K.), Ube; Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine (R.O., T.T., T. Misu), Sendai; Center for Gene Research (Y.M., K.W.), Yamaguchi University (Y.M., K.W.), Ube; Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Yonezawa Hospital (T.T.); Department of Neurology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University (I.N.), Sendai; and Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics, Fukushima Medical University (K.F.), Japan.
  1. Correspondence
    Dr. Kanda tkanda{at}yamaguchi-u.ac.jp
View Full Text

Article usage

Article usage: November 2021 to November 2022

AbstractFullPdfSource
Nov 202116995312Highwire
Dec 202121190104Highwire
Jan 202219304134Highwire
Feb 20221616094Highwire
Mar 20221910861Highwire
Apr 202249139Highwire
May 2022420941Highwire
Jun 20221425153Highwire
Jul 2022168432Highwire
Aug 2022199317Highwire
Sep 202299738Highwire
Oct 2022167919Highwire
Nov 2022159737Highwire

Cited By...

Letters: Rapid online correspondence

No comments have been published for this article.
Comment

REQUIREMENTS

If you are uploading a letter concerning an article:
You must have updated your disclosures within six months: http://submit.neurology.org

Your co-authors must send a completed Publishing Agreement Form to Neurology Staff (not necessary for the lead/corresponding author as the form below will suffice) before you upload your comment.

If you are responding to a comment that was written about an article you originally authored:
You (and co-authors) do not need to fill out forms or check disclosures as author forms are still valid
and apply to letter.

Submission specifications:

  • Submissions must be < 200 words with < 5 references. Reference 1 must be the article on which you are commenting.
  • Submissions should not have more than 5 authors. (Exception: original author replies can include all original authors of the article)
  • Submit only on articles published within 6 months of issue date.
  • Do not be redundant. Read any comments already posted on the article prior to submission.
  • Submitted comments are subject to editing and editor review prior to posting.

More guidelines and information on Disputes & Debates

Compose Comment

More information about text formats

Plain text

  • No HTML tags allowed.
  • Web page addresses and e-mail addresses turn into links automatically.
  • Lines and paragraphs break automatically.
Author Information
NOTE: The first author must also be the corresponding author of the comment.
First or given name, e.g. 'Peter'.
Your last, or family, name, e.g. 'MacMoody'.
Your email address, e.g. higgs-boson@gmail.com
Your role and/or occupation, e.g. 'Orthopedic Surgeon'.
Your organization or institution (if applicable), e.g. 'Royal Free Hospital'.
Publishing Agreement
NOTE: All authors, besides the first/corresponding author, must complete a separate Publishing Agreement Form and provide via email to the editorial office before comments can be posted.
CAPTCHA
This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.

Vertical Tabs

You May Also be Interested in

Back to top
Advertisement

Related Articles

  • No related articles found.

Topics Discussed

Alert Me