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January 2022; 9 (1) ArticleOpen Access

CNS Involvement in Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy

Subtle Retinal Changes in Optical Coherence Tomography

Jens Ingwersen, Jonas Graf, Julia Kluge, Margit Weise, Michael Dietrich, John-Ih Lee, Jens Harmel, Hans-Peter Hartung, Tobias Ruck, Sven G. Meuth, Philipp Albrecht, Orhan Aktas, Marius Ringelstein
First published October 19, 2021, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/NXI.0000000000001099
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Article Information

vol. 9 no. 1 e1099
DOI: 
https://doi.org/10.1212/NXI.0000000000001099
PubMed: 
34667130
Published By: 
Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology
Online ISSN: 
2332-7812
History: 
  • Received May 11, 2021
  • Accepted in final form August 30, 2021
  • First Published October 19, 2021.
Copyright & Usage: 
Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND), which permits downloading and sharing the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.

Author Disclosures

    1. Jens Ingwersen, MD (jens.ingwersen{at}hhu.de),
    2. Jonas Graf, MD (jonas.graf{at}hhu.de),
    3. Julia Kluge (j.kluge{at}ymail.com),
    4. Margit Weise, PhD (margit.weise{at}med.uni-duesseldorf.de),
    5. Michael Dietrich, PhD (michael.dietrich{at}med.uni-duesseldorf.de),
    6. John-Ih Lee, MD (john-ih.lee{at}uni-duesseldorf.de),
    7. Jens Harmel, MD (jens.harmel{at}artemed.de),
    8. Hans-Peter Hartung, MD (hans-peter.hartung{at}uni-duesseldorf.de),
    9. Tobias Ruck, MD (tobias.ruck{at}med.uni-duesseldorf.de),
    10. Sven G. Meuth, MD, PhD (sven.meuth{at}uni-duesseldorf.de),
    11. Philipp Albrecht, MD (phil.albrecht{at}gmail.com),
    12. Orhan Aktas, MD (orhan.aktas{at}hhu.de) and
    13. Marius Ringelstein, MD
  1. Jens Ingwersen, MD (jens.ingwersen{at}hhu.de),
    2. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  2. Jonas Graf, MD (jonas.graf{at}hhu.de),
    3. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. JG received travel/meeting/accommodation reimbursements from Biogen, Merck Serono, Grifols, and Sanofi-Genzyme.

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. Research Fellowship from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (project number 438899010)

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  3. Julia Kluge (j.kluge{at}ymail.com),
    4. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  4. Margit Weise, PhD (margit.weise{at}med.uni-duesseldorf.de),
    5. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical procedures or imaging studies:

    1. (1) Performing of OCT-Imaging at Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  5. Michael Dietrich, PhD (michael.dietrich{at}med.uni-duesseldorf.de),
    6. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. (1) Merck, speaker honoraria

    Editorial Boards:

    1. (1) Frontiers in Neurology, Review Editor, 2 years, (2) Frontiers in Immunology, Review Editor, 2 years.

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. (1) Heinrich-Heine University

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  6. John-Ih Lee, MD (john-ih.lee{at}uni-duesseldorf.de),
    7. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. (1) TEVA (2) Merz Pharma

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. (1) Merz, funding for travel to conference (2) TEVA, funding for travel to conference and for speaker honoraria (3) Allergan, funding for speaker honoraria (4) Ipsen, funding for speaker honoraria (5) Lilly, funding for speaker honoraria (6) Novartis, funding for speaker honoraria

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. (1) Merz

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  7. Jens Harmel, MD (jens.harmel{at}artemed.de),
    8. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  8. Hans-Peter Hartung, MD (hans-peter.hartung{at}uni-duesseldorf.de),
    9. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. Novartis; Merck Serono; Teva; Biogen; Roche; Genzyme; BayerHealthcare; Sanofi; MedImmune; GeNeuro; Octapharma; BMS Celgene; Roche; CSL Behring; TG Therapeutics; Viela Bio /Horizon Therapeutics

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. Speaker Honoraria from: Biogen Genzyme Merck Novartis Roche

    Editorial Boards:

    1. editorial board member (unpaid): CNS Drugs; Frontiers Neurology / Immunology; European Neurology; Journal of Clinical Medicine; Current Opinion in Neurology; Nature Reviews Neurology; Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders; Journal of Neuroinflammation

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  9. Tobias Ruck, MD (tobias.ruck{at}med.uni-duesseldorf.de),
    10. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. TR has attended scientific advisory boards from Merck, Sanofi Aventis, Novartis, Alexion and Argenx.

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. TR has received honoraria from Celgene/BMS, Biogen, Roche, Sanofi Aventis, Alexion, Novartis, and Teva

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Associate Editor for Frontiers in Neurology since 2019

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. TR has received research support from Merck, Novartis and Sanofi Aventis.

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. TR has reveived funding from the German research foundation and the Federal Ministry of Education and Research - BMBF.

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. TR has reveived funding from the Else Kröner Fresenius Foundation.

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  10. Sven G. Meuth, MD, PhD (sven.meuth{at}uni-duesseldorf.de),
    11. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. Sven G. Meuth received honoraria for lecturing and travel expenses for attending meetings from Almirall, Amicus Therapeutics Germany, Bayer Health Care, Biogen, Celgene, Diamed, Genzyme, MedDay Pharmaceuticals, Merck Serono, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, ONO Pharma, Roche, Sanofi- Aventis, Chugai Pharma, QuintilesIMS, and Teva.

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. Effectivity of specific FXII/FXIIa inhibitors, especially rHA-Infestin-4, in treating neuroinflammatory diseases (WO 2013/113774 A1 und EP 2 263 110 A1) Biomarkers for diagnosis and management of neuro- immunological diseases (WO 2016/028699 A2) NR2B selective NMDA-Receptor antagonists for treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (Reference number: PCT/EP2016/069975) Detection of anti-neurochondrin autoantibody in patients with cerebellar ataxia or cerebellitis (US10,112,982B2) Diagnosis of a novel autoimmune disease (EP086120B1; US2018/0298072,A1)

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. SGM's research is funded by Almirall, Amicus Therapeutics Germany, Biogen, Diamed, Fresenius Medical Care, Genzyme, Merck Serono, Novartis, ONO Pharma, Roche, and Teva

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. SGM's research is funded by the German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), German Academic Exchange Service, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Studies (IZKF) Muenster

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. SGM's research is funded by the German Foundation Neurology, Hertie Foundation, Else Kröner Fresenius Foundation

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  11. Philipp Albrecht, MD (phil.albrecht{at}gmail.com),
    12. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. (1) Novartis, serving on an advisory board; (2) Biogen, serving on an advisory board; (3) Ipsen, serving on an advisory board; (4) Merck, serving on an advisory board; (5) Merz, serving on an advisory board; (6) Roche, serving on an advisory board; (7) Allergan, serving on an advisory board; (8) Celgene, serving on an advisory board; (9) Janssen Cilag, serving on an advisory board;

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. (1) Novartis, travel/accommodation/meeting expenses and speaker honoraria; (2)Teva, travel/accommodation/meeting expenses and speaker honoraria; (3) Biogen, travel/accommodation/meeting expenses and speaker honoraria; (4) Merz Pharmaceuticals, travel/accommodation/meeting expenses, (5) Ipsen, travel/accommodation/meeting expenses; (6) Esai, travel/accommodation/meeting expenses; (7) Glaxo Smith Kline, travel/accommodation/meeting expenses; (8) Bayer Healthcare, speaker honoraria, travel/accommodation/meeting expenses; (9) Allergan, speaker honoraria, travel/accommodation/meeting expenses; (10) Celgene, travel/accommodation/meeting expenses; (11) (9) Merck, speaker honoraria, travel/accommodation/meeting expenses; (12) Bristol Meyers Squibb

    Editorial Boards:

    1. (1) BMC Neuroscience, associate editor (2) Frontiers in Neurology, associate editor (3) Journal of Clinical Medicine, associate editor (4) Frontiers in Immunology, associate editor

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. (1) Biogen (2) Novartis (3) Merz Pharmaceuticals (4) Ipsen (5) Roche (6) Allergan (7) Celgene

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. European Fund For Regional Development (EFRE.NRW)

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. (1) Doktor Robert Pfleger Stiftung (2) Iselore Luckow Stiftung (3) Europäischer Fonds für Forschung und Regionale Entwicklung (EFRE)

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  12. Orhan Aktas, MD (orhan.aktas{at}hhu.de) and
    13. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. (1) Bayer, speaker honoraria (2) Novartis, speaker honoraria (3) Biogen, travel and speaker honoraria (4) Merck Serono, travel and speaker honoraria (5) Teva, speaker honoraria (6) Sanofi-Genzyme, speaker honoraria (7) Roche, travel and speaker honoraria (8) Almirall, speaker honoraria (9) Alexion, travel and speaker honoraria (10) Celgene, travel and speaker honoraria (11) Viela Bio, travel support

    Editorial Boards:

    1. (1) PLoS ONE, Academic Editor, since 2012

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. (1) Novartis

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. (1) German Ministry of Science (BMBF), PI for NationNMO/KKNMS (NationNMO‐PAT FKZ 01GI1602B), since 2016

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. (1) German Research Foundation (DFG), PI in GRK2578, since 2020

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  13. Marius Ringelstein, MD
    14. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. 1. Roche Pharma GmbH, served on a national scientific advisory board. 2. Alexion Pharma GmbH, served on a national scientific advisory board.

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. 1. Alexion, speaking honorarium. 2. Roche,speaking honorarium and funding for travel to a conference. 3. Biogen Idec, funding for travel to a conference.

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. 1. Roche Pharma GmbH, served on a national and international scientific advisory board. 2. Alexion Pharma GmbH, served on a national scientific advisory board.

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  1. From the Department of Neurology (J.A., J.G., J.K., M.W., M.D., J.-I.L., J.H., H.-P.H., T.R., S.G.M., P.A., O.A., M.R.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H., M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Germany; and Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
  1. Correspondence
    Dr. Ringelstein marius.ringelstein{at}med.uni-duesseldorf.de
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