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January 2022; 9 (1) ArticleOpen Access

COVID-19 Severity in Multiple Sclerosis

Putting Data Into Context

Maria Pia Sormani, Irene Schiavetti, Luca Carmisciano, Cinzia Cordioli, Massimo Filippi, Marta Radaelli, Paolo Immovilli, Marco Capobianco, Nicola De Rossi, Giampaolo Brichetto, Eleonora Cocco, Cinzia Scandellari, Paola Cavalla, Ilaria Pesci, Antonio Zito, Paolo Confalonieri, Girolama Alessandra Marfia, Paola Perini, Matilde Inglese, Maria Trojano, Vincenzo Brescia Morra, Gioacchino Tedeschi, Giancarlo Comi, Mario Alberto Battaglia, Francesco Patti, Marco Salvetti, on behalf of the MuSC-19 Study Group
First published November 9, 2021, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/NXI.0000000000001105
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Article Information

vol. 9 no. 1 e1105
DOI: 
https://doi.org/10.1212/NXI.0000000000001105
PubMed: 
34753829
Published By: 
Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology
Online ISSN: 
2332-7812
History: 
  • Received July 15, 2021
  • Accepted in final form September 15, 2021
  • First Published November 9, 2021.
Copyright & Usage: 
Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND), which permits downloading and sharing the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.

Author Disclosures

    1. Maria Pia Sormani, PhD (mariapia.sormani{at}unige.it),
    2. Irene Schiavetti, PhD (irene.schiavetti{at}gmail.com),
    3. Luca Carmisciano, MD (lucacarmisciano{at}gmail.com),
    4. Cinzia Cordioli, MD (cinzia.cordioli{at}gmail.com),
    5. Massimo Filippi, MD (filippi.massimo{at}hsr.it),
    6. Marta Radaelli, MD (mradaelli{at}asst-pg23.it),
    7. Paolo Immovilli, MD (p.immovilli{at}ausl.pc.it),
    8. Marco Capobianco, MD (mcapobianco1972{at}gmail.com),
    9. Nicola De Rossi, MD (ncl.derossi{at}gmail.com),
    10. Giampaolo Brichetto, PhD (giampaolo.brichetto{at}aism.it),
    11. Eleonora Cocco, MD (ecocco{at}unica.it),
    12. Cinzia Scandellari, MD (cinzia.scandellari{at}ausl.bo.it),
    13. Paola Cavalla, MD (paola.cavalla{at}unito.it),
    14. Ilaria Pesci, MD (ilariap1972{at}gmail.com),
    15. Antonio Zito, MD (antonio.zito01{at}universitadipavia.it),
    16. Paolo Confalonieri, MD (paolo.confalonieri{at}istituto-besta.it),
    17. Girolama Alessandra Marfia, MD (marfia{at}uniroma2.it),
    18. Paola Perini, MD (dr.paola.perini{at}gmail.com),
    19. Matilde Inglese, MD (m.inglese{at}unige.it),
    20. Maria Trojano, MD (maria.trojano{at}uniba.it),
    21. Vincenzo Brescia Morra, PhD (vincenzo.bresciamorra2{at}unina.it),
    22. Gioacchino Tedeschi, MD (gioacchino.tedeschi{at}unicampania.it),
    23. Giancarlo Comi, MD (comi.giancarlo{at}hsr.it),
    24. Mario Alberto Battaglia, MD (m.a.battaglia{at}aism.it),
    25. Francesco Patti, MD (patti{at}unict.it),
    26. Marco Salvetti, MD;
    27. on behalf of the MuSC-19 Study Group
  1. Maria Pia Sormani, PhD (mariapia.sormani{at}unige.it),
    2. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. Medday, Merck, Sanofi, Roche, Novartis, GeNeuro, Biogen, Celgene, Immunic

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. Merck, Sanofi, Novartis, Biogen, Roche

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. Merck, Biogen, Sanofi, Roche, Novartis, GeNeuro, Immunic, Celgene

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. Biogen, Roche, Merck, Novartis

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  2. Irene Schiavetti, PhD (irene.schiavetti{at}gmail.com),
    3. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  3. Luca Carmisciano, MD (lucacarmisciano{at}gmail.com),
    4. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  4. Cinzia Cordioli, MD (cinzia.cordioli{at}gmail.com),
    5. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. Advisory Board for Novartis, Biogen, Merck, Celgene

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. speaking honoraria from Novartis, TEVA. Travel funding from Novartis and BiogenIdec.

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  5. Massimo Filippi, MD (filippi.massimo{at}hsr.it),
    6. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. Bayer, Biogen, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Genzyme, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi, Takeda, and Teva Pharmaceutical Industries

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Editor-in-Chief (2012-present), Journal of Neurology; Associate Editor, Neurological Sciences (2016-present); Associate Editor, Human Brain Mapping (since 2020)

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. Almiral, Alexion, Biogen, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. 1) Commercial entity: Roche

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. 1) Italian Ministry of Health; grant number: GR-2013- 02357415; role: co-investigator; duration: September 2016-December 2020 2) Italian Ministry of Health; grant number: RF-2018- 12366746; role: PI; duration: 15/06/2020 – 14/06/2023

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. 1) Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla (FISM) 2) ARiSLA (Fondazione Italiana di Ricerca per la SLA)

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  6. Marta Radaelli, MD (mradaelli{at}asst-pg23.it),
    7. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. I have partecipated in advisory board for Biogen, Merck Serono

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  7. Paolo Immovilli, MD (p.immovilli{at}ausl.pc.it),
    8. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. Commercial entity: roche, biogen, merck, novartis, teva, sanofi

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  8. Marco Capobianco, MD (mcapobianco1972{at}gmail.com),
    9. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. Commercial entity: Biogen, Sanofi-Genzyme, Novartis, Bayer-Schering, TEVA, Almirall, Merck-Serono, Roche, Mylan

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. Speaking honoraria from: Almirall, Biogen, Novartis, Sanofi-Genzyme, Roche, Merck-Serono, Teva

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  9. Nicola De Rossi, MD (ncl.derossi{at}gmail.com),
    10. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. Fee for lectures from Biogen, Merck Serono, Genzyme, Novartis and Sanofi-Aventis; received funding for travel from Teva, Biogen Idec, Sanofi-Genzyme, Roche, Almirall and Novartis

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  10. Giampaolo Brichetto, PhD (giampaolo.brichetto{at}aism.it),
    11. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  11. Eleonora Cocco, MD (ecocco{at}unica.it),
    12. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. Dr Cocco serves on scientific advisory boards from Bayer, Biogen, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi-Genzyme, and Teva

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. Dr Cocco has received no profit travel supports for congress participation by Bayer, Biogen, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi-Genzyme, and Teva

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. Dr Cocco has received speaker fees for educational activities (no profit) with Bayer, Biogen, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi-Genzyme and Teva

    Other activities:

    1. E Cocco has received research grant support from the Italian MS Foundation (FISM), Regione Autonoma della Sardegna (RAS), Italian Ministry of university and rearch and Italian Ministry of foreign affairs

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. 2013, 2014, 2015 founding by Fondazione Banco di Sardegna Founded by Italian Multiple sclerosis foundation 2012/R3

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  12. Cinzia Scandellari, MD (cinzia.scandellari{at}ausl.bo.it),
    13. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  13. Paola Cavalla, MD (paola.cavalla{at}unito.it),
    14. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. (1) Merck-Serono (2) Sanofi-Genzyme (3) Roche (4) Biogen (5) Novartis

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. (1) Speaker honoraria from Sanofi-Genzyme, Teva, Biogen, Novartis, Merck- Serono, Roche. (2) Travel support for participation/ speaking to scientific meetings from Biogen, Sanofi-Genzyme, Novartis, Merck-Serono, Teva, Roche.

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. (1) Biogen (2) Sanofi-Genzyme (3) Merck-Serono (4) Roche

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  14. Ilaria Pesci, MD (ilariap1972{at}gmail.com),
    15. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  15. Antonio Zito, MD (antonio.zito01{at}universitadipavia.it),
    16. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  16. Paolo Confalonieri, MD (paolo.confalonieri{at}istituto-besta.it),
    17. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. 1) Novartis 2) Biogen

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. 1) Biogen for travel and registration to conference 2) Merk-Serono for travel and registration to concerence

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. 1) Novartis 2) Roche

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. Fondazione Umberto Veronesi

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  17. Girolama Alessandra Marfia, MD (marfia{at}uniroma2.it),
    18. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. Advisory Board Member of: (1) Biogen (2) Genzyme (3) Merck-Serono (4) Novartis (5) Teva

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. Travel funding from the following commercial entities: (1) Almirall (2) Bayer Schering (3) Biogen Idec (4) Genzyme (5) Merck Serono (6) Novartis (7) Teva

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. Consultation fees from (1) Almirall (2) Bayer Schering (3) Biogen Idec (4) Genzyme (5) Merck Serono (6) Novartis (7) Teva

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  18. Paola Perini, MD (dr.paola.perini{at}gmail.com),
    19. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. Perini Paola has received speaker honoraria from Merck Serono, Biogen Idec, Roche and Novartis.

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  19. Matilde Inglese, MD (m.inglese{at}unige.it),
    20. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. Roche, Merck, Genzyme, Biogen

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Multiple Sclerosis Journal

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. Roche, Merck, Genzyme, Biogen

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. Research grant from Teva Neuroscience

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NIH R01 NS099527, NIH R01NS100811

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NIH, DOD, NMSS, FISM

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  20. Maria Trojano, MD (maria.trojano{at}uniba.it),
    21. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. MT has served on scientific Advisory Boards for Biogen, Novartis, Merck, Almirall, Roche and Genzyme

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. M.T. received honoraria for travel, consultancy or speaking from Biogen, Roche, Sanofi, Merck Serono, Teva,Genzyme, and Novartis

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. M Trojano received research support for her Institution by Novartis, Biogen, Roche, and Merck

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  21. Vincenzo Brescia Morra, PhD (vincenzo.bresciamorra2{at}unina.it),
    22. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. Received grants for scientific advisory boards from Biogen, Roche and Sanofi-Genzyme

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. Received grants for travel and speaker honoraria from MerkSerono, Bayer, TEVA, Sanofi-Genzyme, Novartis, Biogen, Almirall

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  22. Gioacchino Tedeschi, MD (gioacchino.tedeschi{at}unicampania.it),
    23. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. I serve on the scientific advisory board for TEVA, Roche, Lilly, Allergan

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. I have received speaker honoraria from Sanofi-Aventis, Merck Serono, Bayer Schering Pharma, Novartis, Biogen- Dompe` AG; as weel as funding for travel from Bayer Schering Pharma, Biogen-Dompe` AG, Merck Serono, Novartis and Sanofi Aventis.

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  23. Giancarlo Comi, MD (comi.giancarlo{at}hsr.it),
    24. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. Received personal fees from Novartis,Sanofi Genzyme, Genzyme Corporation, Genzyme Europe, Merck KGgA, Merck Serono SpA, Celgene Group, Biogen Idec, Biogen Italia Srl, F.Hoffman-La Roche, Roche SpA, Almirall SpA and MedEx

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. Received personal fees from Novartis,Sanofi Genzyme, Genzyme Corporation, Genzyme Europe, Merck KGgA, Merck Serono SpA, Celgene Group, Biogen Idec, Biogen Italia Srl, F.Hoffman-La Roche, Roche SpA, Almirall SpA and MedEx

    Editorial Boards:

    1. 1) Neurological Sciences, associate editor, 2011-

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. Received personal fees from Novartis,Sanofi Genzyme, Genzyme Corporation, Genzyme Europe, Merck KGgA, Merck Serono SpA, Celgene Group, Biogen Idec, Biogen Italia Srl, F.Hoffman-La Roche, Roche SpA, Almirall SpA and MedEx

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  24. Mario Alberto Battaglia, MD (m.a.battaglia{at}aism.it),
    25. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. NONE

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. NONE

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  25. Francesco Patti, MD (patti{at}unict.it),
    26. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. I served as advisory board member in the following companies: Almirall, Bayer, Biogen, Bristol Meyers Squibb, Celgene, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi and TEVA I received unconditioned research grant by Biogen and Merck I received research grant by RELOAD Onlus Association, and FISM I received research grants by University of Catania

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. I received speaker honoraria from Almirall and Bayer in 2014, and 2015, and 2016, from Novartis in 2013, 2014 and 2015,2016 from TEVA in 2013, 2014 and 2015, 208, 2019 from Biogen in 2013, 2014 and 2015, 2016, 2017, 2019 and 2020 I received speaking honoraria from Roche in 2018 and 2019 and from Sanofi in 2017, 2018 and 2019

    Editorial Boards:

    1. I serve BMC Neurology as Senior Editor; I serve Multiple Sclerosis Hindawi as associate editor; I serve Frontiers in Neurology as associate editor; I serve Neurology and Therapy as Associate editor

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. I received personal compensation from: Almirall, Bayer, Biogen, Merck Serono, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi-Genzyme, TEVA

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. Grant from University of Catania (2007-2008-2009-2010- 2011, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2020)

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. Grant from FISM (2010, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020)

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  26. Marco Salvetti, MD;
    27. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. Biogen Merck Novartis Sanofi Teva Italian MS Society International Progressive MS Alliance

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

    1. (1)Research support from Sanofi Aventis, Biogen, Bayer Schering, Merck Serono, Teva (2)Research support from the Italian Multiple Sclerosis Foundation (FISM).

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. 1. arsenical C-glycosydes in the therapy of cancer 2. Epstein Barr virus genotypes as biomarkers for multiple sclerosis

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. Receive consulting fees from Merck-Serono (2007).

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. Sanofi Aventis, Biogen, Bayer Schering, Merck Serono, Teva

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. Italian Ministry of Health

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. Sapienza University of Rome

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. Italian Multiple Sclerosis Foundation (FISM)

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  27. on behalf of the MuSC-19 Study Group
    1. From the Department of Health Sciences (M.P.S., I.S., L.C.), University of Genova; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (M.P.S., M.I.), Genoa; Centro Sclerosi Multipla ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia (C.C., N.D.R.), Montichiari; Neurology Unit (M.F.), Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.F.), and Neurophysiology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (M.F.), Milan; Department of Neurology and Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R.), ASST “Papa Giovanni XXIII”, Bergamo; Multiple Sclerosis Center (P.I.), Ospedale Guglielmo da Saliceto, Piacenza; Regional Referral Multiple Sclerosis Centre (M.C.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital San Luigi, Orbassano, Torino; AISM Rehabilitation Center (G.B.), Italian MS Society, Genoa; Centro Sclerosi Multipla (E.C.), ATS Sardegna; Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica (E.C.), Università di Cagliari; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (C.S.), UOSI Riabilitazione Sclerosi Multipla; MS Center (P. Cavalla), Department of Neuroscience, City of Health and Science University Hospital of Turin; Centro SM UOC Neurologia (I. Pesci), Fidenza, AUSL PR; Multiple Sclerosis Research Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia; Multiple Sclerosis Centre (P. Confalonieri), Neuroimmunology Department—“Carlo Besta” Neurological Institute, Milan; Multiple Sclerosis Clinical and Research Unit (G.A.M.), Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome; Department of Neurology Multiple Sclerosis Center (P.P.), University of Padua; Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI) (M.I.), University of Genoa; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (M.T.), University of Bari; Federico II University of Naples (V.B.M.); Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Napoli; Università Vita Salute San Raffaele (G.C.), Casa di Cura Privata Del Policlinico, Milan; Research Department (M.A.B.), Italian Multiple Sclerosis Foundation, Genoa; Department of Life Sciences (M.A.B.), University of Siena; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, University of Catania; Centro Sclerosi Multipla (F.P.), Policlinico Catania, University of Catania; Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (M.S.), Sapienza University of Rome; and Unit of Neurology (M.S.), IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy.
    1. Correspondence
      Dr. Salvetti marco.salvetti{at}uniroma1.it
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