Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1 Characteristics of Brain MRI in Anti-GABAAR Encephalitis
Note that multiple cortical and subcortical lesions show hyperintense signal on FLAIR imaging (A.a), hypointense signal on T1-weighted imaging without evident mass effect and gadolinium enhancement (A.b, A.c), and no significant restricted diffusion on diffusion-weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient maps (A.d, A.e). Long-term follow-up FLAIR scans in 1 representative patient (patient 1) show confluent lesions predominantly involved bilateral frontal and temporal lobes at the acute stage (B.a, B.b). Some lesions disappeared, but new multifocal lesions emerged 1.5 months later (C.a, C.b). Seven months after onset, most intracranial lesions at acute stage resolved, but signs of cortical atrophy and enlarged lateral ventricles appeared (D.a, D.b). Three years after onset, this patient had stable clinical symptoms without any lesion but dilated lateral ventricles (red circle) and brain atrophy predominantly involved in temporal and frontal lobes (red arrow) (E.a, E.b). Of note, the FLAIR scans at the follow-ups were registered in the native FLAIR space at baseline to ensure that the scans from 4 time points were comparable anatomically with a side-by-side inspection. FLAIR = fluid-attenuated inversion recovery; GABAAR = γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor.
- Figure 2 Two Types of Representative Lesion Distribution Patterns in Anti-GABAAR Encephalitis
Type 1: confluent type (A); type 2: spotted type (B). Note that patients with both types had bilateral but asymmetric lesion involvement in cingulate gyri (red arrow). GABAAR = γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor.
- Figure 3 Lesion Probability Map of Anti-GABAAR Encephalitis
Note that limbic (especially bilateral anterior cingulate gyri, white arrow), frontal, and temporal lobes were dominantly involved. GABAAR = γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor.
- Figure 4 Lateral and Medial Views of GABRA1, GABRB3, andGABRR2 Gene Expression Data Projected Onto the FreeSurfer Cortical Regions
Expression level was log2 transformed. Note the high expression of GABAB3 in limbic, frontal, and temporal lobes but a relative low expression in parietal and occipital lobes.
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