Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1 Flowchart of All Included GFAP-IgG–Positive Cases
APS = area postrema syndrome; GFAP = glial fibrillary acidic protein.
- Figure 2 Time Points of APS Onset, Immunotherapy Initiation, and Cessation of APS in Each Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein-IgG–Positive Case
The x-axis indicates days from the onset of disease. Each row of the line on the y-axis represents a patient. Symbols of red lightning, green arrows, and dots represent APS onset, immunotherapy initiation, and cessation of APS, respectively. Note that APS occurred at the early stage of disease and was responsive to immunotherapy. APS = area postrema syndrome; Pt = patient.
- Figure 3 Area Postrema and Dorsal Medulla Lesions in Representative Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein-IgG–Positive Patients
Sagittal T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery scan shows lesions in the area postrema and multifocal punctate lesions in medulla and cervical spinal cord (A.a [patient 5] and B.a [patient 1]; black arrows). Inset in (A.a) is the axial image (area postrema level), which shows bilateral lesions involving the dorsal medulla (white arrows). Sagittal T1-weighted MRI with gadolinium shows irregular patchy or linear enhancement in the medulla and cervical spinal cord (A.b and B.b; black arrowheads). Inset in (A.b) is the axial image (area postrema level), which shows hazy gadolinium enhancement of bilateral dorsal medulla (white arrowheads). T2-hyperintensity lesions in pons, medulla oblongata, and cervical longitudinally extensive lesions were noted at the initial presentation of patient 4 (C.a). Follow-up MRI at 6 months after immunotherapy reveals remission of most lesions (C.b). Axial images of patient 2 show scattered faint T2-hyperintensity lesions in dorsal medulla oblongata (D.a; black arrows) accompanied by patchy gadolinium enhancement (D.b; black arrowheads).
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