PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Michael J. Bradshaw
AU  - Siddharama Pawate
AU  - Laura L. Koth
AU  - Tracey A. Cho
AU  - Jeffrey M. Gelfand
TI  - Neurosarcoidosis
AID  - 10.1212/NXI.0000000000001084
DP  - 2021 Nov 01
TA  - Neurology - Neuroimmunology Neuroinflammation
PG  - e1084
VI  - 8
IP  - 6
4099  - http://nn.neurology.org/content/8/6/e1084.short
4100  - http://nn.neurology.org/content/8/6/e1084.full
SO  - Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm2021 Nov 01; 8
AB  - Although often regarded as a protean illness with myriad clinical and imaging manifestations, neurosarcoidosis typically presents as recognizable syndromes that can be approached in a rational, systematic fashion. Understanding of neurosarcoidosis has progressed significantly in recent years, including updated diagnostic criteria and advances in treatment. The diagnosis of neurosarcoidosis is established by the clinical syndrome, imaging and histopathological findings, and exclusion of other causes. Mounting evidence supports the use of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors as an important addition to the therapeutic armamentarium, along with glucocorticoids and steroid-sparing cytotoxic immunosuppressants. In this narrative review, we summarize recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of neurosarcoidosis.ACE=angiotensin-converting enzyme; FDG=fluorodeoxyglucose; IgG=immunoglobulin G; LETM=longitudinally extensive myelitis; PNS=peripheral nervous system; TNF=tumor necrosis factor