PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Virginia Palomares Cabeza
AU  - Laura Y.L. Kummer
AU  - Luuk Wieske
AU  - Ruth R. Hagen
AU  - Mariel Duurland
AU  - Veronique A.L. Konijn
AU  - Koos P.J. van Dam
AU  - Eileen W. Stalman
AU  - Carolien E. van de Sandt
AU  - Laura Boekel
AU  - Niels J.M. Verstegen
AU  - Maurice Steenhuis
AU  - Theo Rispens
AU  - Sander W. Tas
AU  - Gertjan Wolbink
AU  - Joep Killestein
AU  - Taco W. Kuijpers
AU  - S. Marieke van Ham
AU  - Filip Eftimov
AU  - Anja ten Brinke
AU  - Zoé L.E. van Kempen
ED  - ,
TI  - Longitudinal T-Cell Responses After a Third SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis on Ocrelizumab or Fingolimod
AID  - 10.1212/NXI.0000000000001178
DP  - 2022 Jul 01
TA  - Neurology - Neuroimmunology Neuroinflammation
PG  - e1178
VI  - 9
IP  - 4
4099  - http://nn.neurology.org/content/9/4/e1178.short
4100  - http://nn.neurology.org/content/9/4/e1178.full
SO  - Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm2022 Jul 01; 9
AB  - Objectives To evaluate whether a third vaccination shows an added effect on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) T-cell responses in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with ocrelizumab or fingolimod.Methods This is a substudy of a prospective multicenter study on SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with immune-mediated diseases. Patients with MS treated with ocrelizumab, fingolimod, and no disease-modifying therapies and healthy controls were included. The number of interferon (IFN)-γ secreting SARS-CoV-2–specific T cells at multiple time points before and after 3 SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations were evaluated.Results In ocrelizumab-treated patients (N = 24), IFN-γ–producing SARS-CoV-2–specific T-cell responses were induced after 2 vaccinations with median levels comparable to healthy controls (N = 12) and patients with MS without disease-modifying therapies (N = 10). A third vaccination in ocrelizumab-treated patients (N = 8) boosted T-cell responses that had declined after the second vaccination, but did not lead to higher overall T-cell responses as compared to immediately after a second vaccination. In fingolimod-treated patients, no SARS-CoV-2–specific T cells were detected after second (N = 12) and third (N = 9) vaccinations.Discussion In ocrelizumab-treated patients with MS, a third SARS-CoV-2 vaccination had no additive effect on the maximal T-cell response but did induce a boost response. In fingolimod-treated patients, no T-cell responses could be detected following both a second and third SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.