RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Critical role for prokineticin 2 in CNS autoimmunity
JF Neurology - Neuroimmunology Neuroinflammation
JO Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm
FD Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
SP e95
DO 10.1212/NXI.0000000000000095
VO 2
IS 3
A1 Abou-Hamdan, Mhamad
A1 Costanza, Massimo
A1 Fontana, Elena
A1 Di Dario, Marco
A1 Musio, Silvia
A1 Congiu, Cenzo
A1 Onnis, Valentina
A1 Lattanzi, Roberta
A1 Radaelli, Marta
A1 Martinelli, Vittorio
A1 Salvadori, Severo
A1 Negri, Lucia
A1 Poliani, Pietro Luigi
A1 Farina, Cinthia
A1 Balboni, Gianfranco
A1 Steinman, Lawrence
A1 Pedotti, Rosetta
YR 2015
UL http://nn.neurology.org/content/2/3/e95.abstract
AB Objective: To investigate the potential role of prokineticin 2 (PK2), a bioactive peptide involved in multiple biological functions including immune modulation, in CNS autoimmune demyelinating disease.Methods: We investigated the expression of PK2 in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), and in patients with relapsing-remitting MS. We evaluated the biological effects of PK2 on expression of EAE and on development of T-cell response against myelin by blocking PK2 in vivo with PK2 receptor antagonists. We treated with PK2 immune cells activated against myelin antigen to explore the immune-modulating effects of this peptide in vitro.Results: Pk2 messenger RNA was upregulated in spinal cord and lymph node cells (LNCs) of mice with EAE. PK2 protein was expressed in EAE inflammatory infiltrates and was increased in sera during EAE. In patients with relapsing-remitting MS, transcripts for PK2 were significantly increased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells compared with healthy controls, and PK2 serum concentrations were significantly higher. A PK2 receptor antagonist prevented or attenuated established EAE in chronic and relapsing-remitting models, reduced CNS inflammation and demyelination, and decreased the production of interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-17A cytokines in LNCs while increasing IL-10. PK2 in vitro increased IFN-γ and IL-17A and reduced IL-10 in splenocytes activated against myelin antigen.Conclusion: These data suggest that PK2 is a critical immune regulator in CNS autoimmune demyelination and may represent a new target for therapy.DMSO=dimethyl sulfoxide; EAE=experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; G-CSF=granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; IFN=interferon; IL=interleukin; LNC=lymph node cell; MOG=myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein; mRNA=messenger RNA; MS=multiple sclerosis; PBMC=peripheral blood mononuclear cells; PBS=phosphate-buffered saline; PK2=prokineticin 2; PKR=PK receptor; PKR1=PK receptor 1; PKR2=PK receptor 2; PLP=proteolipid protein; qRT-PCR=quantitative real-time PCR; Th=T helper cell; TNF=tumor necrosis factor