PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Galetta, Steven L.
AU  - Villoslada, Pablo
AU  - Levin, Netta
AU  - Shindler, Kenneth
AU  - Ishikawa, Hiroshi
AU  - Parr, Edward
AU  - Cadavid, Diego
AU  - Balcer, Laura J.
TI  - Acute optic neuritis
AID  - 10.1212/NXI.0000000000000135
DP  - 2015 Aug 01
TA  - Neurology - Neuroimmunology Neuroinflammation
PG  - e135
VI  - 2
IP  - 4
4099  - http://nn.neurology.org/content/2/4/e135.short
4100  - http://nn.neurology.org/content/2/4/e135.full
SO  - Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm2015 Aug 01; 2
AB  - Idiopathic demyelinating optic neuritis (ON) most commonly presents as acute unilateral vision loss and eye pain and is frequently associated with multiple sclerosis. Although emphasis is often placed on the good recovery of high-contrast visual acuity, persistent deficits are frequently observed in other aspects of vision, including contrast sensitivity, visual field testing, color vision, motion perception, and vision-related quality of life. Persistent and profound structural and functional changes are often revealed by imaging and electrophysiologic techniques, including optical coherence tomography, visual-evoked potentials, and nonconventional MRI. These abnormalities can impair patients' abilities to perform daily activities (e.g., driving, working) so they have important implications for patients' quality of life. In this article, we review the sequelae from ON, including clinical, structural, and functional changes and their interrelationships. The unmet needs in each of these areas are considered and the progress made toward meeting those needs is examined. Finally, we provide an overview of past and present investigational approaches for disease modification in ON.AD=axial diffusivity; DTI=diffusion tensor imaging; FA=fractional anisotropy; GCL=ganglion cell layer; IPL=inner plexiform layer; mfVEP=multifocal VEP; MS=multiple sclerosis; MSFC=Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite; MT=magnetization transfer; NEI-VFQ-25=25-item National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire; OCT=optical coherence tomography; ON=optic neuritis; ONTT=Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial; QOL=quality of life; RD=radial diffusivity; RGC=retinal ganglion cell; RGCL=retinal ganglion cell layer; RNFL=retinal nerve fiber layer; SD-OCT=spectral-domain OCT; SLCLA=Sloan low-contrast letter acuity; TD-OCT=time-domain OCT; VEP=visual-evoked potential